Topic 12: race + illness

Question 1

Define racism

Answer 1

• 2 components
  1) Prejudice
  2) Discrimination

Question 2

Define prejudice

Answer 2

• Negative attitudes

Question 3

Define discrimination

Answer 3

• Actions based on prejudice

Question 4

What is racism associated with?

Answer 4

• Social isolation
• Inactivity
• Unemployment
• Low salaries e.g. low class white people = low income but POC in same class = lower income
• Chronic stress e.g. affects how people interact with others = don’t go out much = tired + depressed + vulnerable

Question 5

How does race relate to ill health?

Answer 5

• Problems accessing = employment + housing + medical
• Live in polluted areas
• Stress impact = mental + CV
• Unhealthy coping activities = smoking/alcohol/drugs
• Criminal activities

Question 6

Define institutional racism

Answer 6

• Exclusionary practices = arise from racist ideology = exists/existed
• Exclusion from goods + services + opportunities in insitution

Question 7

Describe institutional racism in discrimination of NHS

Answer 7

• Promoting preventative services = lower in minority groups
• Black/asian patients = less likely to get follow up + referral to consultant for serious illnesses
• GPs unwilling to work in socially disadvantaged areas
• Language difficulties
• Fail to reach out to minority groups sufficiently

Question 8

Explain reducing institutional racism

Answer 8

• Improved neighborhood + housing = higher employment + better health + less abuse
• Higher academic achievements
• Racially integrated education = better socioeconomic status + higher education rates
• Therefore improved health

Question 9

Define cultural competance

Answer 9

• Understanding importance of social + cultural influences on patient’’s health beliefs + behaviors
• Factors interact = interventions devised to take issues into account + assure quality health care to diverse populations

Question 10

Factors cultural competence is associated with

Answer 10

• Patient satisfaction
• Improved doctor-patient relationship
• Improved adherence
• Improved health outcome

Question 11

What skills are needed for cultural competence?

Answer 11

• Knowledge of social determinants of health
• Awareness of intersectionality = culture + social class + gender + disabilities
• Awareness of cultural values = impact on understanding of diagnosis + management
• Critically reflect on own values + beliefs
• Communicate nondiscriminatory + nonstereotypical
• Empathy regardless of ethnic background