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pols final > Topic 12 - Public Education > Flashcards

Topic 12 - Public Education Flashcards

1
Q

police power

A

the broad power to make laws for the general welfare of their communities - the states have it

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2
Q

10th amendment

A

clarifies that certain powers are reserved to the states - states have primary authority in regulating (controlling) education

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3
Q

where does federal power in education come from?

A
  1. interstate commerce clause
  2. taxing & spending power
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4
Q

is education is a matter of national interest and import? how?

A

yes
narrowly: international competitiveness, ‘soft power’
broadly: link between education & a free society

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5
Q

what is the role of public schools for students?

A

each state has a different idea but general ones are…
- giving students general life skills
- gaining civic and critical capacities
- for them to be economic contributors

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6
Q

what are the types variation in public education?

A
  • input: teachers salaries, qualifications, funding
  • output: dropouts, grad rates, test scores
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7
Q

what are the roles of states in education?

A
  • establishing schools and colleges
  • determining curriculum
  • determining enrollment & graduation requirements
  • sharing responsibility for funding
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8
Q

what is the federal involvement in education?

A
  • education linked to federalism
  • things got more stricter and complex
  • more ‘woke’ policies
    • ex: giving healthier lunches
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9
Q

what are the controversies with federal involvement in education?

A
  • people dont like it bc its not ‘one size fits all’
  • who funds it? what happens when its underfunded?
  • who has oversight? (standardized testing)
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10
Q

issues in public education

A
  • accessing the quality of k-12 education
    • funding & grad/dropout rates
  • standardized testing
  • traditional v alternative schools (charter v magnet)
  • school funding - proformance-based funding: schools w higher marks get more
    • vouchers: parents revice their students ‘share’ of public ed funding & spend on private schools
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11
Q

primary & secondary education funded by who?

A
  • common schools are funded at tax payer expense
  • establishing and funding these schools is mandated by tx constitution
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12
Q

what are the local school districts?

A
  • they r the governing body to the schools
  • limited by state constitution & laws
  • governing bodes is the ‘board of trustees’ (school board)
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13
Q

school board election and term info?

A
  • elected in non partisan elections
  • length of term vary, elected at large from districts
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14
Q

what does the school board do?

A
  • is the model for council-manager form
  • board approves budget
  • board hires superintendent
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15
Q

how to states have power over the districts?

A
  • they have financial control over allocated funds
  • bureaucratic oversight & monitoring
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16
Q

what is tx public education policy goals to protect people?

A
  • desegregation
  • equity in public school funding
  • search for educational excellence
17
Q

what is de jure vs de facto?

A

de jure - what is supposed to happen according to the laws ‘jury’
de facto - what actually happens ‘reality’ ‘fact’

18
Q

what are signs of segregation in tx public schools?

A
  • it was written into constitution
    • black schools had fewer days and 1/3 less funding
  • brown v board of edu
    • ends ‘de jure’ segregation
  • persistence of ‘de facto’ segregation after brown v board of edu - due to housing patterns
19
Q

what are tx education funding problems?

A
  • equality of funding is a major issue between ‘poor’ and ‘rich’ districts
  • ‘tax bases’ varies across school districts - variation in amount of students
20
Q

where does the funding for education come from?

A
  • relies on property taxes
  • differences in property taxes means difference in amount of funding
  • nicer houses have a higher property tax so more money goes into the schools
21
Q

san antonio ISD vs rodriguez (1973)

A
  • questioned the TX school finance system
  • resulted that it was not a violation of the us constitutions 14th amendment equal protection clause
22
Q

edgewood ISD v kirby (1989)

A

ruled that existing funding system violated the TX constitution

23
Q

what is wealth-sharing? (education)

A
  • called ‘robin hood’
  • taking money from the rich to give to the poor
  • chapter 41 districts: redistributing money to…
  • chapter 42 districts: keep local tax and receive additional ‘recaptured’ funds
  • this is ‘wealth equalization’
24
Q

higher education in the states

A
  • primary and secondary is mainly ran by local gov
  • higher edu like college or universities is ran by state gov
25
Q

Morill act (two types)

A

morrill act (1862) - gave land to build colleges and universities meant to open educational opportunities for farmers and the working class
morrill act (1890) - gave colleges money/aid if they proved race was not considered in admissions or make a separate institution for black students

26
Q

hatch act (1887)

A
  • money given to schools to conduct research specifically in agriculture
27
Q

the role of states in higher education

A
  • tuition, financing, reporting
  • research
  • admissions (top 10% rule)
  • curriculum requirements
  • part of responsibility for funding
28
Q

decrease support for higher education from the states (how is it shown)

A
  • states have to pass a budget and higher education is ‘easier’ to cut than k-12 edu
  • during recoveries states get their funding but ‘per student’ funding does not return
  • the school can get their funding back but they use it for other stuff not on decreasing tuition
28
Q

what are some drivers for rising costs of higher education?

A
  1. higher supply of federal student aid
    (fasfa)
  2. tuition inflation
  3. student demand for services and facilities
  4. declining state support (have to get their own money)
28
Q

why r public universities becoming less public?

A
  • tx has a revenue shortfall (less money)
  • legislature wants a balance budget without raising taxes
  • market sets the price not the states
  • higher ups get mad when cost increases
29
Q

what r the attempts to make college cheaper?

A
  • performance based tuition
  • tuition freezes or caps

pols final (5 decks)

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