Topic 12: Genotype, Phenotype And Inheritance Flashcards
What is the definition of genotype?
DNA sequence of a individual which determines the specific characteristics or phenotype of that person
What is the definition of phenotype?
An organism’s observable physical and biochemical characteristics directly influenced by the genotype and/or environment
What is the definition of gene?
A stretch of DNA sequence at a specific chromosomal location that carries the code for a polypeptide or untranslated RNA
What is the definition of allele?
A version or variant of a gene
If 2 individuals are affected (autosomal recessive), how much of their offsprings will be affected?
100%
If 2 heterozygotes or carriers (autosomal recessive) had offsprings, what are the chances that their offspring will be affected?
25%
Are males and females equally affected by autosomal recessive?
Yes
Can autosomal recessive diseases skip generations?
Yes
Are both the parents of a individual with an autosomal recessive disease carriers?
Yes
What is an example of a autosomal recessive disease?
Cystic fibrosis
What are the chances of having affected offspring if an individual is affected by an autosomal dominant disease?
50% no matter the partner is affected or not
Are males and females equally affected by autosomal dominant diseases?
Yes
Are both of the parents of an affected individual with autosomal dominant disease affected as well?
No, just one of them needs to be affected
Can autosomal dominant diseases skip generations?
No, they’re found in every generation
What is an example of a autosomal dominant disease?
Huntington’s disease
Are males and females equally affected by X-linked recessive diseases?
No
Are the parents of a affected male with X-linked recessive disease affected as well?
Mother must at least be a carrier, dad doesn’t have to be
Are the parents of an affected female with X-linked recessive disease affected as well?
Father affected, mom at least a carrier
Are the offsprings of an affected male with X-linked recessive disease affected as well?
They will at least be carriers
Are males and female equally affected by X-linked dominant diseases?
Yes
Are females and males equally affected by Y-linked diseases?
No only male
What is mitochondrial inheritance?
All individuals inherit mitochondria from mother
What is polygenic inheritance?
More than one gene involved in producing a phenotype
What is multi factorial inheritance?
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the trait
