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A Level Chemistry Edexcel > Topic 12: Acid-base Equilibria > Flashcards

Topic 12: Acid-base Equilibria Flashcards

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1
Q

Define a bronsted lowry acid

A

Proton donor

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2
Q

Define a bronsted lowry base

A

Proton acceptor

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3
Q

Define a bronsted lowry conjugate acid

A

Species formed when a base accepts a proton

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4
Q

Define a bronsted lowry conjugate base

A

The species formed when a base accepts a proton

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5
Q

Define strong acids

A

An acid that almost completely dissociates into ions when in aqueous solution

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6
Q

Define a weak acid

A

An acid that only partially dissociates when in aqueous solution

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7
Q

Give the equation to calculate pH

A

pH = -log[H+]

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8
Q

Give the equation to calculate conc of H+ ions using pH

A

[H+] = 10^-pH

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9
Q

Give the equation to calculate the [H+] in weak acids

A

[H+] [A-]
Ka = ————-
[HA]

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10
Q

Give the equation to calculate pKa

A

pKa = -logKa

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11
Q

How do you calculate Ka from pKa

A

Ka = 10^-pKa

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12
Q

What does a low pKa value indicate

A

Strong acid

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13
Q

What is the effect of diluting strong acids

A

If you dilute a strong acid 10 times its pH will increase by one unit
Diluting it 100 times would therefore increase the pH by two units

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14
Q

How do weak acids behave upon dilution

A

Weak acids are not fully dissociated in solution so diluting them causes the equilibrium to shift to oppose the change.
This means a 10 times dilution of a weak acid would increase the pH by less than one unit

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15
Q

What is the equilibrium constant for Kw

A

Kw = [H+][OH-]

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16
Q

How does temp affect the value of Kw

A

The forward reaction in the equilibrium of water is endothermic and is therefore favoured when the temp of water is increased.
As a result as temp increases, more H+ ions are produced making water more acidic

17
Q

Give the equation for pKw

A

pKw = -log Kw

18
Q

Give the equation for Kw from pKw

A

Kw = 10^-pKw

A Level Chemistry Edexcel (19 decks)

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