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R's Physics Paper 2 > Topic 12 & 13 Particle model, forces & matter > Flashcards

Topic 12 & 13 Particle model, forces & matter Flashcards

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1
Q

1 Name the three states of matter.

A

solid, liquid, gas

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2
Q

2 Which of the three states of matter can be compressed?

A

gases

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3
Q

3 Why can gases be compressed?

A

particles are far apart

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4
Q

4 Which of the three states have a fixed volume?

A

solids and liquids

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5
Q

5 Why do substances in these states have a fixed volume?

A

particles are held together by bonds

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6
Q

6 Why do solids keep their shape?

A

Bonds between particles are very strong

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7
Q

7 Name a physical change.

A

any change of state named, such as melting, freezing

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8
Q

8 What does the density of a substance tell you?

A

the mass for a certain volume

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9
Q

9 What two quantities do you need to know to calculate density?

A

mass and volume

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10
Q

10 What are the units for these two quantities?

A

kg and m3; accept g and cm3

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11
Q

11 What are the units for density?

A

kg/m3 or g/cm3

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12
Q

12 What is the equation for calculating density?

A

density = mass/volume

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13
Q

13 What usually happens to the density of a substance when it melts?

A

decreases

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14
Q

14 Why does this happen?

A

particles are closer together in a solid than in a liquid

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15
Q

15 What happens to the mass of a substance when it melts?

A

stays the same

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16
Q

16 Is evaporating a physical or a chemical change?

A

physical

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17
Q

17 Why is evaporation a physical change?

A

no new substance is made

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18
Q

18 How is thermal energy stored in a substance?

A

movement of the particles

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19
Q

19 What does temperature tell you about the particles in a substance?

A

how fast they are moving/vibrating

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20
Q

20 What factors affect the amount of thermal energy stored in a substance?

A

mass, temperature, material

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21
Q

21 What property of a substance tells you about the movement of its particles?

A

temperature

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22
Q

22 How can you reduce the amount of thermal energy transferred between an object and its surroundings?

A

use insulation

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23
Q

23 Name two insulating materials.

A

wool, foam, bubble wrap, or any other sensible suggestions

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24
Q

24 Why does a kettle full of water store more energy than a cupful of water at the same temperature?

A

greater mass of water

25
Q

25 Give two other quantities that affect the amount of thermal energy stored in an object.

A

temperature and material

26
Q

26 What does specific heat capacity mean?

A

energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1C

27
Q

27 What happens to the temperature of a substance being heated when it changes state?

A

temperature stops rising while the change in state is happening

28
Q

28 Why does this happen?

A

energy is being used to break bonds between particles

29
Q

29 What does specific latent heat mean?

A

energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance

30
Q

30 What are the units for specific latent heat?

A

J/kg

31
Q

32 Give the three factors that affect the amount of thermal energy stored in a substance.

A

mass, temperature, material

32
Q

33 What is the unit for specific heat capacity?

A

J/kg/øC

33
Q

34 What symbol is used for change in thermal energy?

A

Q

34
Q

36 What symbol is used for specific heat capacity?

A

c

35
Q

37 What does specific latent heat meant?

A

energy needed to change the state of 1ÿkg of a substance

36
Q

38 What are the units for specific latent heat?

A

J/kg

37
Q

39 Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

A

far apart and moving around quickly

38
Q

40 What causes gas pressure?

A

forces from particles hitting the walls of the container

39
Q

41 How are temperature and kinetic energy related?

A

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles.

40
Q

42 What causes pressure in a gas?

A

forces from particles hitting the walls of the container

41
Q

43 What is the unit for pressure?

A

pascal, or N/m2

42
Q

44 Why does the pressure of a gas increase when it is heated?

A

particles move faster, hit the walls harder and more often

43
Q

45 What name do we give the temperature at which particles would have zero energy/pressure?

A

absolute zero

44
Q

46 What is 0K in degrees Celsius?

A

-273øC

45
Q

47 How do we describe something that deforms but returns to its original shape when forces are removed?

A

elastic

46
Q

48 What do we call the difference between a spring?s stretched length and its original length?

A

extension

47
Q

49 How does the force needed to stretch a spring change as the spring gets longer?

A

increases

48
Q

50 A graph of a relationship between two variables is a straight line through the origin. How do we describe a relationship such as this?

A

directly proportional

49
Q

51 What word do we use to describe something that deforms but returns to its original shape when forces are removed?

A

elastic

50
Q

52 What word do we use to describe something that deforms and does not return to its original shape when forces are removed?

A

inelastic

51
Q

53 What does a linear relationship on a scatter graph look like?

A

a straight line

52
Q

54 What is the difference between the graphs for a linear and a directly proportional relationship?

A

The graph for a directly proportional relationship passes through the origin; a graph for a linear one does not necessarily do so.

53
Q

55 Describe the relationship between the force on a spring and its length, for small forces.

A

linear

54
Q

56 Describe the relationship between the force on a spring and its extension, for small forces.

A

directly proportional

55
Q

57 What happens to the relationship between the force on a spring and its length or extension when the forces become very large?

A

becomes non-linear

56
Q

58 Describe the relationship between the force on a rubber band and its length.

A

non-linear

57
Q

59 What is the spring constant of a spring?

A

force needed to produce a 1m extension

58
Q

60 What is the equation linking the spring constant with the force and extension?

A

force = spring constant x extension

R's Physics Paper 2 (4 decks)

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