Topic 1.1

Question 1

3 principles of cell theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are composed of cells (or cell products)
2. The cell is the smallest unit of life
3. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Exceptions to autonomous cell

Answer 2

Muscle cells

Question 3

Exception to discrete cell

Answer 3

Aseptate Fungal Hyphae

Question 4

Exception to microscopic

Answer 4

Giant Algae cells

Question 5

Acronym for functions of life

Answer 5

Mrs.Heng

Question 6

Functions of Life

Answer 6

Metabolism – Living things undertake essential chemical reactions
Reproduction – Living things produce offspring, either sexually or asexually
Sensitivity – Living things are responsive to internal and external stimuli
Homeostasis – Living things maintain a stable internal environment
Excretion – Living things exhibit the removal of waste products
Nutrition – Living things exchange materials and gases with the environment
Growth – Living things can move and change shape or size

Question 7

The rate of metabolism is decided by

Answer 7

mass/volume ratio

Question 8

The rate of material exchange is decided by

Answer 8

surface area

Question 9

Ways to increase surface area

Answer 9

villi

Question 10

Emergent properties

Answer 10

Multicellular organisms are capable of completing functions that unicellular organisms could not undertake e.g talking

Question 11

Organization of multicellular organisms

Answer 11

Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> System –> Organsim

Question 12

Differentiation

Answer 12

Where cells become more specialised and distinct

Question 13

Types of Stem cells

Answer 13

Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Unipotent

Question 14

Totipotent

Answer 14

Can form any cell type as well as extra embryonic tissue

Question 15

Pluripotent

Answer 15

Can form any cell type

Question 16

Multipotent

Answer 16

Can differentiate into a number closely related cell types

Question 17

Unipotent

Answer 17

Can not differentiate but are capable of self renewal

Question 18

Stem cell therapy

Answer 18

Stargardt's disease 
Parkinsons disease 
Leukemia 
Paraplegia 
Diabetes 
Burn victims

Question 19

Stargardt’s disease

Answer 19

An