Topic 1.1 Flashcards
3 principles of cell theory
- All living things are composed of cells (or cell products)
- The cell is the smallest unit of life
- Cells only arise from pre-existing cells
Exceptions to autonomous cell
Muscle cells
Exception to discrete cell
Aseptate Fungal Hyphae
Exception to microscopic
Giant Algae cells
Acronym for functions of life
Mrs.Heng
Functions of Life
Metabolism – Living things undertake essential chemical reactions
Reproduction – Living things produce offspring, either sexually or asexually
Sensitivity – Living things are responsive to internal and external stimuli
Homeostasis – Living things maintain a stable internal environment
Excretion – Living things exhibit the removal of waste products
Nutrition – Living things exchange materials and gases with the environment
Growth – Living things can move and change shape or size
The rate of metabolism is decided by
mass/volume ratio
The rate of material exchange is decided by
surface area
Ways to increase surface area
villi
Emergent properties
Multicellular organisms are capable of completing functions that unicellular organisms could not undertake e.g talking
Organization of multicellular organisms
Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> System –> Organsim
Differentiation
Where cells become more specialised and distinct
Types of Stem cells
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Unipotent
Totipotent
Can form any cell type as well as extra embryonic tissue
Pluripotent
Can form any cell type
Multipotent
Can differentiate into a number closely related cell types
Unipotent
Can not differentiate but are capable of self renewal
Stem cell therapy
Stargardt's disease Parkinsons disease Leukemia Paraplegia Diabetes Burn victims
Stargardt’s disease
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