Topic 101: System Architecture Flashcards
Which part of the linux boot sequence is made up of a 512 byte file called boot.img and Contains partition and filesystem data?
MBR = Master Boot Record.
Which part of the linux boot sequence read and load into RAM the first sector of a larger image called core.img, and will start executing the kernel?
GRUB = Grand Unified Bootloader: Executes the Kernel.
Which part of the linux boot identifies system hardware?
BIOS = Basic/Output System: Identifies system hardware.
Which part of the linux boot sequence executes designated run level (via sysvinit, Upstart, or systemd?
INIT
Which part of the linux boot sequence executes the user login control?
RUN LEVEL
If your computer is not booting, which is the first place you should look?
SYSTEM LOGS
Which are the three files you should search for boot-related trouble?
dmesg, kernel.log and boot.log.
Which directory lives the system logs like dmesg, kernel.log and boot.log?
/VAR/LOG/
Which command can be used to search for all attached block devices?
lsblk
The directories /var/ and /etc/ are only accessible by root or either users?
ONLY ROOT
Which is the name of the group who users are added to have root privileges?
SUDO GROUP
Which feature allow you to define whether your OS will be available for everyone or just a single admin user, or whether will provide network services or graphic desktop support in older versions that use the older Upstart method?
RUN LEVELS
Which definition match to the boot parameter 0 ?
Halt
Which definition match to the boot parameter 1 ?
Single user mode
Which definition match to the boot parameter 2 ?
Multi-user, without NFS
Which definition match to the boot parameter 3 ?
Full multi-user mode
Which definition match to the boot parameter 4 ?
Unused
Which definition match to the boot parameter 5 ?
X11
Which definition match to the boot parameter 6 ?
Reboot
How can you invoke the run levels parameters through the CLI?
INIT 6
INIT 5
etc…
Ubuntu focuses more on processes or runlevels?
Processes.
What means the user.target parameter on the systemd?
# This file is part of systemd. # # systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. [Unit] Description=Graphical Interface Documentation=man:systemd.special(7) Requires=multi-user.target After=multi-user.target Conflicts=rescue.target Wants=display-manager.service AllowIsolate= yes
It will allow multi-user session.
Which are the new method the replaces the Upstart?
Systemd.
Systemd focuses more on processes or runlevels?
Processes
Which is the definition of a file system?
A way to organize resources.
It is true to say that a pseudo filesystem is made up of files that don’t actually exists?
YES
When pseudo filesystems are generated?
They are generated dynamically when your computer boots.
Which files are contained in the /dev/ directory?
Hardware devices - both virtual and real.
Which command displays all recognized physical block drivers?
lsblk -a
Which are the contents of the /sys/ directory?
Represents sysfs system and contain links to devices.
Which are the contents of the /proc/ directory?
Proc directory contain runtime system information.
Which command output data on all the PCI and PCI Express devices attached to your system?
lspci
lspci -xvvv < for more verbose
Which is the “Genius” part of Linux? The software core that drives the whole thing and permit real time manipulation?
KERNEL
Invoking ______ communication provided by the D-Bus system, should recognize the device and automatically load a kernel module to manage it.
UDEV
TRUE or FALSE:
Kernell modules connect devices that need to be connected. But there will be time when you`ll need to control modules yourself.
TRUE
Which are the patch to create a .rule for device management?
/etc/udev/rules.d/
Which command list unloaded modules on kernel?
find /lib/modules/$(uname -r) -type f -iname “*.ko”
Which command will list loaded modules on kernel?
sudo modprobe lp
Which command will remove the module on kernel?
sudo modprobe -r lp
On Linux systems running systemd, the default run level can be found in which directory?
a. /etc/systemd/system/inittab
b. /lib/systemd/system/default.target
c. /etc/systemd/system/default.target
d. /etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf
C /etc/systemd/system/default.target
Which is the quickest way to display details on your network device?
a. lsblk
b. lspci
c. cat /proc/cpuinfo
d. lshw
lspci
Which tools are used to watch for new plug-in devices?
udev and D-Bus
