Topic 101: System Architecture

Question 1

Which part of the linux boot sequence is made up of a 512 byte file called boot.img and Contains partition and filesystem data?

Answer 1

MBR = Master Boot Record.

Question 2

Which part of the linux boot sequence read and load into RAM the first sector of a larger image called core.img, and will start executing the kernel?

Answer 2

GRUB = Grand Unified Bootloader: Executes the Kernel.

Question 3

Which part of the linux boot identifies system hardware?

Answer 3

BIOS = Basic/Output System: Identifies system hardware.

Question 4

Which part of the linux boot sequence executes designated run level (via sysvinit, Upstart, or systemd?

Answer 4

INIT

Question 5

Which part of the linux boot sequence executes the user login control?

Answer 5

RUN LEVEL

Question 6

If your computer is not booting, which is the first place you should look?

Answer 6

SYSTEM LOGS

Question 7

Which are the three files you should search for boot-related trouble?

Answer 7

dmesg, kernel.log and boot.log.

Question 8

Which directory lives the system logs like dmesg, kernel.log and boot.log?

Answer 8

/VAR/LOG/

Question 9

Which command can be used to search for all attached block devices?

Answer 9

lsblk

Question 10

The directories /var/ and /etc/ are only accessible by root or either users?

Answer 10

ONLY ROOT

Question 11

Which is the name of the group who users are added to have root privileges?

Answer 11

SUDO GROUP

Question 12

Which feature allow you to define whether your OS will be available for everyone or just a single admin user, or whether will provide network services or graphic desktop support in older versions that use the older Upstart method?

Answer 12

RUN LEVELS

Question 13

Which definition match to the boot parameter 0 ?

Answer 13

Halt

Question 14

Which definition match to the boot parameter 1 ?

Answer 14

Single user mode

Question 15

Which definition match to the boot parameter 2 ?

Answer 15

Multi-user, without NFS

Question 16

Which definition match to the boot parameter 3 ?

Answer 16

Full multi-user mode

Question 17

Which definition match to the boot parameter 4 ?

Answer 17

Unused

Question 18

Which definition match to the boot parameter 5 ?

Answer 18

X11

Question 19

Which definition match to the boot parameter 6 ?

Answer 19

Reboot

Question 20

How can you invoke the run levels parameters through the CLI?

Answer 20

INIT 6
INIT 5
etc…

Question 21

Ubuntu focuses more on processes or runlevels?

Answer 21

Processes.

Question 22

What means the user.target parameter on the systemd?

# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
[Unit]
Description=Graphical Interface
Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
Requires=multi-user.target
After=multi-user.target
Conflicts=rescue.target
Wants=display-manager.service
AllowIsolate= yes

Answer 22

It will allow multi-user session.

Question 23

Which are the new method the replaces the Upstart?

Answer 23

Systemd.

Question 24

Systemd focuses more on processes or runlevels?

Answer 24

Processes

Question 25

Which is the definition of a file system?

Answer 25

A way to organize resources.

Question 26

It is true to say that a pseudo filesystem is made up of files that don't actually exists?

Answer 26

YES

Question 27

When pseudo filesystems are generated?

Answer 27

They are generated dynamically when your computer boots.

Question 28

Which files are contained in the /dev/ directory?

Answer 28

Hardware devices - both virtual and real.

Question 29

Which command displays all recognized physical block drivers?

Answer 29

lsblk -a

Question 30

Which are the contents of the /sys/ directory?

Answer 30

Represents sysfs system and contain links to devices.

Question 31

Which are the contents of the /proc/ directory?

Answer 31

Proc directory contain runtime system information.

Question 32

Which command output data on all the PCI and PCI Express devices attached to your system?

Answer 32

lspci | lspci -xvvv < for more verbose

Question 33

Which is the "Genius" part of Linux? The software core that drives the whole thing and permit real time manipulation?

Answer 33

KERNEL

Question 34

Invoking ______ communication provided by the D-Bus system, should recognize the device and automatically load a kernel module to manage it.

Answer 34

UDEV

Question 35

TRUE or FALSE: Kernell modules connect devices that need to be connected. But there will be time when you`ll need to control modules yourself.

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Which are the patch to create a .rule for device management?

Answer 36

/etc/udev/rules.d/

Question 37

Which command list unloaded modules on kernel?

Answer 37

find /lib/modules/$(uname -r) -type f -iname "*.ko"

Question 38

Which command will list loaded modules on kernel?

Answer 38

sudo modprobe lp

Question 39

Which command will remove the module on kernel?

Answer 39

sudo modprobe -r lp

Question 40

On Linux systems running systemd, the default run level can be found in which directory? a. /etc/systemd/system/inittab b. /lib/systemd/system/default.target c. /etc/systemd/system/default.target d. /etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf

Answer 40

C /etc/systemd/system/default.target

Question 41

Which is the quickest way to display details on your network device? a. lsblk b. lspci c. cat /proc/cpuinfo d. lshw

Answer 41

lspci

Question 42

Which tools are used to watch for new plug-in devices?

Answer 42

udev and D-Bus