Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL241 > Topic 10 - Reproduction > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of an energy budget

A

to have energy remaining to allocate to reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural selection has resulted in strategies

A

these are called life history traits, they are meant to maximize lifetime reproductive success (fitness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is life history theory

A

Every species has a pattern of growth and development, reproduction, and death that is shaped by natural selection - success in the past shapes life history traits of a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does environment affect life history traits?

A

Influences energy budgets through available light, food sources, shelter, wind etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does maximizing reproductive success involve trade-offs

A

fixed energy budgets and selective pressures of the environment

if there are two traits competing for limited resources, impossible to maximize both together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is indeterminate growth

A

growth continues throughout the lifespan

ex: ectotherms like reptiles, fish, plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

determinate growth

A

growth ceases when adult state is reached

ex: endotherms like birds, mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of reproduction

A

asexual and sexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

produces clones

prokaryotes replicate their genome and divide by binary fission

some eukaryotes replicate genomes and divide by mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

produces recombinants
replicated genomes are halved into gametes, combined with other gametes to produce a zygote, only in euks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the life history traits

A

growth rate, parental investment, fecundity(number of offspring), parity (frequency of reproduction_, size/age at sexual maturity, size of offspring, longevity/life expectance (mortality rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tradeoff between growth rate and reproduction

A

as reproductive activity increases, growth rate decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of parental investment

A

passive care = pre birth energy investment (gestation)

active care = post birth energy investment (raising offspring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tradeoff between reproduction and survival of parent

A

as you increase clutch size, adult survival goes down - not enoug energy for both high fecundity and high survivorship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the tradeoff between reproduction and the survival of the parent

A

if no offspring, more energy to sustain self until old age

reproduction is costly in the young and old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is parity

A

How often should an individual reproduce

17
Q

Semelparity

A

only breed once in lifetime (breed and die)

18
Q

Iteroparity

A

breed more than once in lifetime

19
Q

How is fecundity related to body size

A

Fecundity increases with body size, thus it is advantagous to delay sexual maturity until larger

20
Q

What is the tradeoff between mating and lifespan

A

in fruit flies, females that lay eggs have shorter lifespans

males that reproduce have shorter lifespans, larger males live longer

21
Q

How does predation affect life history traits

A

less predators = larger size at reprodcution

More predators - smaller size

22
Q

Explain how life history strategies form a continuum

A

r-selected to k-selected

23
Q

R-selected

A

Small offspring/adult size
Early sexual maturity
Semelparous
High fecundity (lots of offspring)
Low parental investment
Low juvenile survivorship
Short lifespan
Evolved to reproduce quickly

24
Q

K-selected

A

Large offspring/adult size
Late sexual maturity
Iteroparous
Low fecundity (few offspring)
High parental investment
High juvenile survivorship
Long lifespan
Evolved to compete

25
Q

what is the purpose of a life history table

A

Summarize info, predict how population will change over time, useful in managing corps and lifestock

26
Q

Type 1 survivorship

A

Low mortality until end of life
large animals, few young
high parental care, high
juvenile survivorship
K-selected

27
Q

Type 2 suvivorship

A

Constant rate of
mortality throughout the
lifespan
mix of r & K traits

28
Q

type 3 survivorship

A

low juvenile survivorship
Mortality rate decreases
with age
r-selected

BIOL241 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions