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AQA Chemistry - Triple Science 🧪⚛️ > Topic 10 - Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Organic Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A family of organic compounds that share certain characteristics.

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2
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A ‘family’ of organic compounds with the same functional group. They differ from each other by the number of atoms they posses but they maintain characteristics between different members of the family.

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3
Q

Give the word equation for the complete combustion of ethene (an alkene).

A

Ethene + Oxygen ——> Carbon Dioxide + Water.

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4
Q

What is the name of the reaction where an alkene becomes an alkane? What reactant is used to change the alkene?

A

It is called hydrogenation since it uses hydrogen to remove the double bond in the alkene and reconfigure it to have more hydrogen atoms.

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5
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for the reaction between ethene and bromine.

A

Ethene + Bromine ——> Dibromoethane.
C2H4 + Br2 ——> C2H4Br2

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6
Q

What is the general formulae for alkenes?

A

C(n)H(2n)

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7
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

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8
Q

What is used to speed up the hydrogenation reaction?

A

A catalyst that isn’t used up.

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9
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for the reaction between ethene and steam. Is this reaction reversible?

A

Ethene + Steam ——> Ethanol
C2H4 + H20 <—— C2H5OH

This reaction is reversible.

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10
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

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11
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

A

C(n)H(2n-1)OOH

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12
Q

Give the formula for ethanol.

A

C2H5OH.

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13
Q

Give the formula for Ethanoic Acid.

A

C2H3OOH or CH2CHOOH

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14
Q

Give the general formula for esters.

A

C(n)H(2n)OO

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15
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for alcoholic fermentation in yeast.

A

Glucose ——> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
C6H12O6 ——>2C2H5OH + 2CO2

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16
Q

Apart from alcoholic fermentation, how else is ethanol produced?

A

By reacting ethene (obtained by cracking fractions of crude oil) with steam in the presence of a catalyst.

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17
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

A

Ethanol + Oxygen ——> Carbon Dioxide + Water

C2H5OH + 3O2 ——> 2CO2 + 3H2O

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18
Q

Give the word and symbol equation of Sodium reacting with ethanol.

A

Sodium + Ethanol ——> Sodium Ethoxide + Hydrogen

2Na + 2C2H5OH ——> 2C2H5ONa + H2

19
Q

Give the word equation of the oxidation of ethanol.

A

Ethanol + Oxygen atoms from oxidising agent ——> Ethanoic acid + Water.

20
Q

Give the word equation for the reaction between Ethanoic acid and Sodium Carbonate.

A

Ethanoic acid + Sodium Carbonate ——> Sodium Ethanoate + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

21
Q

Why are carboxylic acids called ‘weak’ acids?

A

Carboxylic acids do not ionise 100% of their hydrogen molecules, unlike strong acids, hence they have a higher pH.

22
Q

How do you make esters?

A

By reacting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

23
Q

Give the word equation for the reaction between Ethanoic acid and Ethanol.

A

Ethanoic acid + Ethanol ——> Ethyl ethanoate + Water.

This reaction is reversible.

24
Q

What is the general word formula for a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

A

Carboxylic acid + Alcohol ——> Acid + Water

25
Q

When an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form an ester, what type of chemical is used as a catalyst?

A

A strong acid.

26
Q

What type of reaction is producing ethanoic acid from ethanol?

A

Oxidation.

27
Q

In regards to esters, what does it mean when we call them ‘volatile’?

A

That they evaporate easily or quickly and that they have a low boiling point.

28
Q

What is the general formula for the reaction between a carboxylic acid and a carbonate? Use the example of ethanoic acid and calcium carbonate.

A

Ethanoic acid + Calcium carbonate –> Calcium Ethanoate + Carbon Dioxide + Water.

29
Q

Name the 1. Reactant 2. Reaction conditions 3. Other products of the reaction that changes ethanoic acid into ethanol.

A

Reactant - Potassium Dichromate.
Reaction conditions - Hot + high pressure.
Other product - Water.

30
Q

What is the reaction between ethene and bromine?

A

ethene + bromine –> dibromoethane

31
Q

What is the reaction of pentene with hydrogen?

A

Pentene + hydrogen –> pentane (using a catalyst)

32
Q

What is the reaction between ethene and steam?

A

Ethene + steam <–> ethanol (using a catalyst)

33
Q

What are the first four carboxylic acid molecules?

A

Methanoic acid

Ethanoic acid

Propanoic acid

Butanoic acid

34
Q

What do you do (chemically) to get from carboxylic acids to esters?

A

Replace the H atom in the COOH group by a hydrocarbon group like CH3

35
Q

How is ethanol made?

A

By fermentation of sugars from plant material with yeast.

36
Q

What three uses are there for ethanol?

A

As a perfume solvent

In alcoholic drinks

As a biofuel

37
Q

What is the reaction for the combustion of ethanol?

A

Ethanol + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

38
Q

What is the reaction of ethanol with sodium?

A

Sodium + ethanol –> Sodium ethoxide + hydrogen

39
Q

What is the reaction for the oxidation of ethanol?

A

Ethanol + oxygen atoms from oxidising agent –> ethanoic acid + water

40
Q

What is the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate?

A

Ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate –> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

41
Q

What is the general reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol?

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol <–> ester + water using an acid catalyst

42
Q

What are the characteristics of esters?

A

They have distinctive smells and are volatile

43
Q
A

AQA Chemistry - Triple Science 🧪⚛️ (26 decks)

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