Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA Chemistry - Triple Science 🧪⚛️ > Topic 10 - Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Organic Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A family of organic compounds that share certain characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A ‘family’ of organic compounds with the same functional group. They differ from each other by the number of atoms they posses but they maintain characteristics between different members of the family.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give the word equation for the complete combustion of ethene (an alkene).

A

Ethene + Oxygen ——> Carbon Dioxide + Water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the name of the reaction where an alkene becomes an alkane? What reactant is used to change the alkene?

A

It is called hydrogenation since it uses hydrogen to remove the double bond in the alkene and reconfigure it to have more hydrogen atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for the reaction between ethene and bromine.

A

Ethene + Bromine ——> Dibromoethane.
C2H4 + Br2 ——> C2H4Br2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the general formulae for alkenes?

A

C(n)H(2n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is used to speed up the hydrogenation reaction?

A

A catalyst that isn’t used up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for the reaction between ethene and steam. Is this reaction reversible?

A

Ethene + Steam ——> Ethanol
C2H4 + H20 <—— C2H5OH

This reaction is reversible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

A

C(n)H(2n-1)OOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give the formula for ethanol.

A

C2H5OH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give the formula for Ethanoic Acid.

A

C2H3OOH or CH2CHOOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give the general formula for esters.

A

C(n)H(2n)OO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for alcoholic fermentation in yeast.

A

Glucose ——> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
C6H12O6 ——>2C2H5OH + 2CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Apart from alcoholic fermentation, how else is ethanol produced?

A

By reacting ethene (obtained by cracking fractions of crude oil) with steam in the presence of a catalyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give the word and symbol equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

A

Ethanol + Oxygen ——> Carbon Dioxide + Water

C2H5OH + 3O2 ——> 2CO2 + 3H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give the word and symbol equation of Sodium reacting with ethanol.

A

Sodium + Ethanol ——> Sodium Ethoxide + Hydrogen

2Na + 2C2H5OH ——> 2C2H5ONa + H2

19
Q

Give the word equation of the oxidation of ethanol.

A

Ethanol + Oxygen atoms from oxidising agent ——> Ethanoic acid + Water.

20
Q

Give the word equation for the reaction between Ethanoic acid and Sodium Carbonate.

A

Ethanoic acid + Sodium Carbonate ——> Sodium Ethanoate + Water + Carbon Dioxide.

21
Q

Why are carboxylic acids called ‘weak’ acids?

A

Carboxylic acids do not ionise 100% of their hydrogen molecules, unlike strong acids, hence they have a higher pH.

22
Q

How do you make esters?

A

By reacting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

23
Q

Give the word equation for the reaction between Ethanoic acid and Ethanol.

A

Ethanoic acid + Ethanol ——> Ethyl ethanoate + Water.

This reaction is reversible.

24
Q

What is the general word formula for a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

A

Carboxylic acid + Alcohol ——> Acid + Water

25
Q

When an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form an ester, what type of chemical is used as a catalyst?

A

A strong acid.

26
Q

What type of reaction is producing ethanoic acid from ethanol?

A

Oxidation.

27
Q

In regards to esters, what does it mean when we call them ‘volatile’?

A

That they evaporate easily or quickly and that they have a low boiling point.

28
Q

What is the general formula for the reaction between a carboxylic acid and a carbonate? Use the example of ethanoic acid and calcium carbonate.

A

Ethanoic acid + Calcium carbonate –> Calcium Ethanoate + Carbon Dioxide + Water.

29
Q

Name the 1. Reactant 2. Reaction conditions 3. Other products of the reaction that changes ethanoic acid into ethanol.

A

Reactant - Potassium Dichromate.
Reaction conditions - Hot + high pressure.
Other product - Water.

30
Q

What is the reaction between ethene and bromine?

A

ethene + bromine –> dibromoethane

31
Q

What is the reaction of pentene with hydrogen?

A

Pentene + hydrogen –> pentane (using a catalyst)

32
Q

What is the reaction between ethene and steam?

A

Ethene + steam <–> ethanol (using a catalyst)

33
Q

What are the first four carboxylic acid molecules?

A

Methanoic acid

Ethanoic acid

Propanoic acid

Butanoic acid

34
Q

What do you do (chemically) to get from carboxylic acids to esters?

A

Replace the H atom in the COOH group by a hydrocarbon group like CH3

35
Q

How is ethanol made?

A

By fermentation of sugars from plant material with yeast.

36
Q

What three uses are there for ethanol?

A

As a perfume solvent

In alcoholic drinks

As a biofuel

37
Q

What is the reaction for the combustion of ethanol?

A

Ethanol + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

38
Q

What is the reaction of ethanol with sodium?

A

Sodium + ethanol –> Sodium ethoxide + hydrogen

39
Q

What is the reaction for the oxidation of ethanol?

A

Ethanol + oxygen atoms from oxidising agent –> ethanoic acid + water

40
Q

What is the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate?

A

Ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate –> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

41
Q

What is the general reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol?

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol <–> ester + water using an acid catalyst

42
Q

What are the characteristics of esters?

A

They have distinctive smells and are volatile

AQA Chemistry - Triple Science 🧪⚛️ (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions