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Physics Gcse > Topic 10 - Electricity And Circuits > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Electricity And Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

In a closed circuit, if theres potenial difference in the circuit there will be a

A

Current

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2
Q

What is current?

A

The rate of flow of charge (or electrons) around a circuit

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3
Q

Unit for charge

A

Coulombs, C

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4
Q

Draw a switch circuit symbol

A

Closed the line goes across

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5
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a cell

A
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6
Q

Draw circuit symbol for battery

A
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7
Q

Draw circuit symbol for a lamp

A
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8
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a fuse

A
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9
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a voltmeter

A
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10
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for an ammeter

A
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11
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a diode

A
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12
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a resistor

A
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13
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a thermistor

A
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14
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a variable resistor

A
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15
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for an LDR

A
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16
Q

Draw the cicuit symbol for an LED:

A
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17
Q

Ways a component can be connected in a circuit?

A

Series (same loop)

Parallel (adjacent loop)

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18
Q

Voltage is know as

A

Potenial difference

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19
Q

How does p.d across two components vary when connected in series and parallel?

A

In series, total P.D is shared between each component

In parallel circuit the P.D across each component is the same

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20
Q

2 resistors are connected in parallel, what can be said about their combined total resistance?

A

Their total resistance is less than smallest of the two indivual resistances

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21
Q

2 resistors are connected in series, what can be said about their total resistance?

A

Total combined resistance is equal to the sum of the two individual resistances.

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22
Q

Where must a voltmeter be placed in a circuit?

A

In parallel with the component that is being measured

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23
Q

Give an equation relating potenial difference with energy transferred and charge.

A

Potenial difference = energy transferred/ charge

V=E/Q

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24
Q

A volt can be described as..

A

Joule per coulomb

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25
Q

What is an electric current?

A

The rate of flow of charge

26
Q

Give the equation linking charge, current and time

A 
Q = I x t
Charge = current x time
Coulombs = current x time
27
Q

What can be said about the value of current at any point in a single closed loop?

A

Current is the same at all points in a closed loop.

28
Q

Factors that current in a circuit depends on?

A 
Potential difference (V)
Resistance (R)
29
Q

Equation for P.D (current and resistance are known)

A

V = I x R

Potenial difference = resistance (ohms/A) x current (I)

30
Q

What is an ammeter and where must it be connected in a circuit?

A

An ammeter measure current. It is placed in series with the component it is require to measured.

31
Q

What happens when current reaches a junction in a circuit?

A

Current is conserved; the total current remains the same is split between the two branches.

32
Q

How does resistance affect current in a circuit?

A

As total resistance of a circuit increases, the current flowing through the circuit decreases.

33
Q

How can the current in a circuit be varied?

A

Using a variable resistor

34
Q

Equation linking current and resistance

A

Current (A) x Resistance (ohms) = p.d (V)

V = IR

35
Q

How is total resistance affected by two resistors in series?

A

The total resistance increases; equal to the sum of the two resistors

36
Q

How is total resistance affected by two resistors in parallel?

A

The total resistance decreases; it is less than the resistance of the resistor with the lowest resistance.

37
Q

What is an “Ohmic Conductor”? State the condition required

A

A conductor for which current and p.d are directly proportional
Resistance remains constant as current changes
Temperature must be constant

38
Q

List four components for which resistance is not constant as current changes

A

Filament lamps
Diodes
Thermistors
Light dependent resistors (Ldrs)

39
Q

What happens to the resistance of a filament lamp as the temperature increases? Why?

A

Resistance increases
Metal ions have more KE, so vibrate more, colliding more frequently with electrons as they flow through the metal
This creates more resistance to current.

40
Q

What is different about current flow through a diode?

A

The current only flows in one direction.

Resistance is very high in the other direction, preventing current flow.

41
Q

State what happens to the resistance of a thermistor as temperature increases

A

The thermistor resistance decreases

42
Q

Give two examples of when a thermistor may be used

A

In a thermostat to turn a heater on below a certain temperature
In a freezer to turn on cooler when temperature is too high

43
Q

State what happens to the resistance of an LDR as light intensity decreases

A

The LDR’s resistance increases

44
Q

Give an application for a LDR

A

Street lamps or night lights

45
Q

How do diodes work?

A

A diode only allows current to flow in one direction. If current is flowing the right way, the resistance is large for small voltages (up until 0,6V) then becomes very small at higher voltages

46
Q

What electrical component does this graph represent?

A

Diode

47
Q

What factors affect the enery transferred when charge flows through a component?

A

Amount of charge

The potenial difference across the component

48
Q

Equation linking energy, current and p.d and time

A

Energy (J) = p.d (V) x current (A) x time (s)

E = v x I x t

49
Q

Define p.d in terms of charge

A

The work done per unit charge

50
Q

Equation relating p.d to charge

A 
Energy transferred (J) = Charge (C) x p.d (V)
E=QV
51
Q

When an electrical current flows through a resistor, why does it heat up?

A

There are collisions between electrons and the ions in the resistors lattice. This causes a transfer of KE into thermal energy which is released into the surroudings.

52
Q

How do low resistance wires reduce unwanted energy transfers?

A

A smaller resistance will mean there are fewer collisions, therefore less energy will be wasted through heating.

53
Q

What are some advantages of the heating effect?

A

It is useful for appliances such as toaster or electricity fires, where the heat is the desired product.

54
Q

What are some disadvantages of the heating effect?

A

The loss of energy as heat energy can make an appliance inefficient
If an appliance overheats it can catch fire or overheat, which could ruin the device or injure the user.

55
Q

Energy transferred per second is also known as..

A

Power

56
Q

What is power?

A

The rate of energy transfer, or the rate at which work is done.

57
Q

Units for power

A

Watts, W

58
Q

Equation linking power and p.d

A

Power (W) = current (A) x p.d (V).

59
Q

Equation for power without p.d

A

Power (W) = current^2 (A) x resistance (ohms)

P = I^2R

60
Q

Equation linking power and energy

A

Power (W) = energy (J) / Time(s)

61
Q

Both equations linking power with resistance

A 
P = I^2 x R
P = V^2 / R

Physics Gcse (21 decks)

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