topic 10 Flashcards
describe the thoracolumbar fascia
3 layers of fascia that envelop the muscles of the lumbar spine
posterior, middle and anterior layer.
function - acts as a retinaculum for back muscles, provide attachment for anterior abdominal and limb muscles, contributes to stabilizing muscles lumbar vertebral column, contributes to the stability of the sacroiliac joint by aiding in transferring load between spine, pelvis and lower limb.
describe the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia
posterior to back muscles, attaches to spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae.
describe the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia
posterior to the quadratus lumborum, attaches to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
describe the anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia
anterior to quadratus lumborum, attaches to the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
where do the 3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia join
lateral to the iliocostalis lumborum and quadratus lumborum the 3 layers join.
describe lumbopelvic stability
co-contraction of anteriorlateral abdominal wall muscles stiffens the trunk. important for trunk stability during high load tasks such as lifting.
changes in intra-abdominal pressure contraction of TrA, diaphragm and pelvic floor muscles and increases spinal stiffness.
thoracolumbar fascia-tension here (due to TrA contraction) when combined with increased intra-abdominal pressure and increases spinal stiffness.
describe the lumbopelvic rhythm for pelvic drop and lift
pelvic drop - concentric produced by ipsilateral gluteus medius, contralateral EO/IO and contralateral hip adductors.
pelvic lift - contralateral gluteus medius, ipsilateral EO/IO, ipsilateral hip adductors.
describe the lumbopelvic rhythm for pelvic anterior and posterior
anterior tilt - concentrically produced by erector spinae muscles and hip extensors
posterior tilt - concentrically produced by abdominal muscles and and hip extensors.
describe the lumbopelvic rhythm for pelvic rotation to the left and right
Pelvic rotation to the right = left IO, right EO left hip external rotators and right hip internal rotators
rotation to the left - right IO, left EO, right hip internal rotators and right hip external rotators
what are the muscles apart of the anterior abdominal wall
rectus abdominus - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration.
external abdominal oblique - Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration and Unilateral contraction - Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), trunk rotation (contralateral)
internal abdominal oblique - Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration and Unilateral contraction - Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), trunk rotation (ipsilateral)
transverse abdominus - Bilateral contraction - Compresses abdominal viscera, expiration and Unilateral contraction - Trunk rotation (ipsilateral)
pyramidalis - Tenses linea alba, increasing the positive abdominal pressure
what are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
Quadratus lumborum - bilateral contraction fixes ribs 12 during inspiration, anterior pelvic tilt
and Unilateral contraction - lateral flexion of trunk (ipsilateral).
psoas major - hip flexion, trunk flexion, hip external rotation, lateral flexion of trunk.
psoas minor - trunk flexion
innervation of the anterior abdominal wall
rectus abdominus - T6/T7 - L1
external oblique - T7-L12
internal oblique - T7-L1
transverse T7-L1
muscles of the back
- erector spinae group
- transversospinalis group
- uni-segmental group
erects the spine
erector spinae group
spinalis thoracis, cervicis, capitus. - extends trunk.
longimissimus thoracis, cervices, capitus. - extends trunk, neck and head.
iliocostalis lumborum, thoracis, cervices. - extends and ipsilaterally flexes trunk, and neck.
transversospinalis group
deep to erector spinae
semispinalis - extends and contralaterally rotates trunk, neck and head, thoracis, cervicis and capitus.
multifidus - long fibres extend, contralaterally rotate, and ipsilaterally laterally flexes trunk and neck. functions for stability.
rotatores - often absent in cervical and lumbar regions, action - contralaterally rotates in thoracic region, function - stability.
what are the groups of the neck muscles
extensors (sub-occipital and other)
flexor muscles (anterior)
lateral flexors (anterior lateral)
rotators
muscles in the extensor group of the neck
what are their actions
rectus capitus posterior major - head & neck extensor, rotator of head on neck.
rectus capitus posterior minor - head & neck extensor, rotator of head and neck.
superior oblique - head & neck extensor
inferior oblique - rotator of head on neck.
bilateral = extension
unilateral = rotation
flexor muscles of the head
and their actions
bilateral contraction of the:
rectus capitus anterior,
longus capitus,
sternocleidomastoid.
flexor muscles of the neck
bilateral contraction longus colli, and scalenius anterior.
lateral flexors of head, neck
head - contraction of the rectus capitis lateralis
neck - unilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis,
neck - unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid, splenius cervicis, levator scapulae, scalenius anterior, scalenius posterior, scalenius medius.
rotator muscles of the head, neck and head, neck
head - inferior oblique, rectus capitis, posterior major and minor.
head and neck - sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitus.
neck - semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, anterior scalene, splenius cervicis.
unilateral contraction
what are the muscles in the “other extensors of the head and neck”
splenius capitus, splenius cervicis.
bilateral contraction of longismus capitus, spinalis capitus, transversospinales and traps.
