Topic 1 - What's in a Body? Flashcards
What is the function of the digestive system?
Nutrients and Waste
What is the function of the musculo-skeletal system?
Movement, structure, calcium stores
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Skin
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Fluid recovery, nutrient absorption, Immune function
What is the function of the endocrine and nervous systems?
Signal/coordinate functions
What is the function of the reproductive systems?
Genetic, offspring
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out
What is the function of the urinary system?
Wastes, modifying concentrations
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Cardiac system, blood vessels, transportation
How does structure inform function?
Function is predict based on structure - where molecules are found in the body is based on desired function
What elements are found in the body?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
What are macromolecules?
Elements join together = molecules and compounds –> further joined forms macromolecules
What are examples of macromolecules?
Proteins (peptides), lipids (fats), carbohydrates (sugar), DNA/RNA (nucleic acid)
What are the determinants of molecular interactions?
Electrical charge - positive or negative
Atomic stability
Physical shape and size
Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity
Polarity
What is ‘net’ charge?
Sum the positives, subtract the negatives
What is the element structure?
Proton - 1 unit - positive - nucleus
Neutron - 1 unit - neutral - nucleus
Electron - ~ 0 - negative - electron shell
How is atomic stability determined?
If the outer orbit is complete = stable and unreactive
Incomplete = unstable and reactive
What is the difference between a cation and anion?
Cation = gives away electron
Anion = gains electron
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Ionic = opposite electrical charges attract
Covalent = sharing pairs of electrons (stability)
What is the difference between polar and non-polar?
Polar = unequally shared electrons (slight positive and negative charges), hydrophilic
Non-polar = equally shared electrons (neutral charge), hydrophobic
What are the properties of organic molecules?
Make up living things
Form covalent bonds
What are the properties of inorganic molecules?
Do not make up living things
Many are ionically bonded
What are the features of carbohydrates?
Sugars and starches (glycogen)
Fuel for energy regeneration (glucose)
Contains specific ratio of C, H, O
What are the features of lipids?
Fats, phospholipids, steroids
Energy, energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane formation
Hydrophobic and lipophilic
