TOPIC 1: WHAT'S IN A BODY Flashcards
List the (11) major body systems:
- Digestive system
- Muscular system
- Integumentary system
- Lymphatic system
5.Nervous system - Skeletal system
- Male reproductive system
- Female reproductive system
- Respiratory system
- Urinary system
- Circulatory system
Key function of the digestive
system:
Converts food into the simplest forms e.g. glucose, amino acids (protein) and fatty acids
Key function of the muscular system:
Allows movement
Key function of the integumentary system:
Acts as a physical barrier, protecting body from bacteria, infection, injury and sunlight
Key function of the lymphatic system:
Maintains body fluid levels and defends the body against infections
Key function of the nervous system:
Assists with communication throughout the body using both electrical and chemical means to send and receive messages
Key function of the skeletal system:
Bodies support structure, shape, movement, blood cells
Key function of the male reproductive system:
Produce, maintain and transport sperm cells and semen
Key function of the female reproductive system:
Creates hormones and is responsible for fertility, menstruation and sexual activity
Key function of the respiratory system
Takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide
Key function of the urinary system:
Filters your blood removing waste (urine) and excess water
Key function of the circulatory system:
Provides oxygen, nutrients and hormones to muscles, tissues and organs throughout the body, removes waste through blood
Identify the main (6) elements used within the body:
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
Explain what determines how molecules interact:
- Electrical charge
- Atomic stability
- Physical shape and size
- Hydrophobicity
- Hydrophilicity
- Polarity
Describe the differences between ionic and covalent bonds:
Ionic bond = A chemical link between two atoms caused by oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound, high polarity
Covalent bond = A chemical link between two atoms or ions where the electron pairs are shared between them, low polarity
Define the term molecular weight:
The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule
Allows us to know how many molecules of a substance are present in the measured amount
Define the term ion:
An atom or group that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons
Define the term cation:
An ion with positive charge, having more protons than electrons
Define the term anion:
Anions are ions that are negatively charged, more electrons than protons
Define the term electrolyte:
Soluble inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution
Define the term pH:
A measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution
Normal pH of blood = 7.35 - 7.45
Below 7.35 = acidic (acidosis)
Above 7.45 = alkaline (alkalosis)
Define the term acid:
A substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Define the term alkali/base:
A substance that forms hydroxide ions OH- when dissolved in wate
Outline the different types of units for measuring concentration:
Molarity = (mol/L)
Explain how molar concentration is calculated:
Molar concentration = moles divided by L of water (mol/L)
Explain the role of buffers in regulation of pH of body fluids and tissues:
A buffer is a chemical system that prevents a radical change in fluid pH by dampening the change in hydrogen ion concentrations in the case of excess acid or bas
Describe the basic chemical nature/structure of sugars:
Describe the basic chemical nature/structure of carbohydrates:
Describe the basic chemical nature/structure of proteins:
Describe the basic chemical nature/structure of amino acids:
Describe the basic chemical nature/structure of lipids/fats:
Describe the basic chemical nature/structure of nucleic acids:
Describe the basic chemical nature/structure of nucleotides:
Explain the concepts of hydrophobicity, how they apply to different molecules and what this means for body function:
Explain the concepts of hydrophilicity, how they apply to different molecules and what this means for body function:
List the important roles that sugars play in the human body:
List the important roles that proteins play in the human body:
Supplies the essential amino acids needed for the growth and maintenance of cells and tissues
List the important roles that lipids play in the human body:
Chemical messengers, storage and provision of energy
List the important roles that nucleotides play in the
human body:
Nucleotide = building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
Energy carriers and intracellular signalling molecules
List the important roles that enzymes play in the human
body:
- Respiration
- Digesting food
- Muscle and nerve function
Describe the role of enzymes in the body:
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions within the body are almost always a protein. They are essential for respiration, digesting food, muscle and nerve function.
Apply your knowledge of chemistry, molecular interactions and macromolecules to health care scenarios:
