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S111: Questions in Science > Topic 1: What is water? > Flashcards

Topic 1: What is water? Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the curved upper surface of a liquid called?

A

Meniscus.

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2
Q

What is a control measure?

A

An action taken to reduce the risk associated with a hazard.

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3
Q

What are the two major variables that determine the phase of water?

A

Temperature and pressure.

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4
Q

What does solubility mean?

A

The amount of a substance that dissolves in another substance.

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5
Q

Generally, for most pure liquids, does density increase or decrease with increasing temperature?

A

Decreases.

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6
Q

What type of bond is this?

A

Single bond.

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7
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

The variable you want to keep constant during an experiment.

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8
Q

What does a risk assessment involve?

A

Identifying hazards, determining the levels of risk and making judgements on whether the risks are acceptable or if something needs to be done to reduce the risk (control measure).

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9
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond where electrons are shared between two nucleii.

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10
Q

What is the SI unit for atmospheric pressure?

A

Pascals (Pa).

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11
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A substance able to dissolve another substance. Usually a liquid but can also be a gas.

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12
Q

What effects the amount of dissolved gases in a substance?

A

Temperature and pressure.

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13
Q

What is a polar bond?

A

A covalent bond where the electrons are attracted more strongly to one atom in a molecule than to another creating a partial separation in charge.

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14
Q

What is the major variable that effects solubility?

A

Temperature. In general an increase in temperature allows a greater mass of a substance to be dissolved in water.

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15
Q

What is the proper name for a whirlpool with a downdraft at its centre?

A

A vortex.

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16
Q

What does immisicble mean?

A

Substances that don’t form a homogeneous structure when mixed.

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17
Q

What is normal atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure of the atmosphere at sea level.

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18
Q

What is the relative atomic mass of protons and neutrons?

A

1.

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19
Q

What is a phase transition?

A

The physical change between solid, liquid and gas phases.

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20
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A bond between a δ- atom and a δ+ hydrogen atom which is covalently bound to another δ- atom.

21
Q

What is a hazard?

A

An object or situation that poses a threat to life, property or environment.

22
Q

What is the triple point?

A

The temperature and pressure at which the three phases of a substance can coexist.

23
Q

Name the three particles inside the atom.

A

Electron, Proton and Neutron.

24
Q

What is a hypothesis, what must it be and what must it include?

A

Your best guess about how something works which must also be testable and include an independent and dependent variable.

25
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made up of more than one type of element.

26
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond in which the opposite electric charges of ions attract each other and hold them together.

27
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons inside the atom.

28
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance dissolved in a solvent.

29
Q

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?

A

In evaporation the phase transition happens at the surface whereas in boiling the phase transition happens throughout the liquid.

30
Q

What is the format for a hypothesis?

A

“If I change a particular independent variable, then there is a change in a certain dependent variable”.

31
Q

What is the difference between the atomic mass number and the relative atomic mass number?

A

The atomic mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons inside the atom. The relative atmoic mass number is a measure of the mass of one atom of an element.

32
Q

What is a risk?

A

Something that effects our lives everyday.

33
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The variable you change during an experiment.

34
Q

What type of bond is this?

A

Double bond.

35
Q

What is the equation for density? (also give units).

A
36
Q

Is a hydrogen bond stronger or weaker than a covalent bond?

A

Weaker.

37
Q

What is the equation to work out the amount of an object submerged in a substance?

A
38
Q

What is surface tension and what causes it?

A

Surface tension is the tension of the surface film of a liquid. It happens because the molecules in the film of the liquid are pulled sideways and downwards by the bonds of adjacent molecules but not pulled upwards. This effect causes a tight surface layer.

39
Q

What is the difference between intramolecular attraction and intermolecular attraction?

A

Intramolecular attraction is the attraction within a molecule (i.e chemical bonds holding atoms together) and intermolecular attraction is the attraction between molecules.

40
Q

Complete the labels:

A
41
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The variable whose values you measure as a result of changing the independent variable.

42
Q

What is the phase tranisition from a solid to a gas called?

A

Sublimation.

43
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies some space.

44
Q

Are hydrogen bonds stronger or weaker than ionic bonds?

A

Weaker.

45
Q

What is a chemical?

A

Anything that is made of matter.

46
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

47
Q

What is an ion?

A

The entitiy that remains after electrons are lost or gained by an atom.

48
Q

Name the three types of variable.

A

Independent, dependent and controlled.

S111: Questions in Science (1 decks)

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