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Nat 5 Physics > Topic 1: Waves > Flashcards

Topic 1: Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Wavelength

A

The length from peak to peak or trough to trough. Symbol: λ (lambda) Unit: m (meters)

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2
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves passing a point each second. Symbol: f Unit: Hz Formula : f = N/t

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

The height of a wave from the centre to peak or trough. Symbol: A Unit: m (meters)

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4
Q

Louder wave

A

Increase in volume Increase in amplitude (same wavelength)

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5
Q

Quieter wave

A

Decrease in volume Decrease in amplitude (same wavelength)

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6
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Vibrates along the same direction as the direction of travel and energy

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7
Q

Wavespeed unit (V)

A

Meters per second (ms-1)

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8
Q

Distance unit (d)

A

Meters (m)

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9
Q

Sources of error

A

Measuring distance and reaction time

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10
Q

In solids, vibrations are…

A

Passed on much quicker

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11
Q

Reflection

A

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.

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12
Q

More dense to less dense (glass to air)

A

Will speed up and the angle to the normal will bend away from the normal

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13
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

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14
Q

Radio waves

A

Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies. Used in television signals

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15
Q

Microwaves

A

Used in cooking, mobile phones. Can cause internal heating of body issues.

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16
Q

Ultraviolet

A

Can cause severe sunburn and damage to cells. Found in sunlight and artificial sources.

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17
Q

Gamma

A

Kills cancer cells, also damages cells. Found in neutron stars and supernove explosions. Waves with the highest frequency and the shortest wavelength.

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18
Q

Wavespeed

A

The speed of a wave, symbol is V (velocity) and is measured in meters per second.

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19
Q

High frequency wave

A

Increase in frequency Decrease in wavelength (same amplitude)

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20
Q

Low frequency wave

A

Decrease in frequency Increase in wavelength (same amplitude)

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21
Q

Wavespeed formula

A

V = fλ

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22
Q

Frequency formula

A

F = N/t

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23
Q

Transverse waves

A

Waves that vibrates at right angles of travel and energy

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24
Q

Frequency unit (f)

A

Hertz (Hz)

25
Q

Wavelength unit (λ)

A

Meters (m)

26
Q

Time unit (t)

A

Seconds (s)

27
Q

All sound is…

A

Carried by vibrations

28
Q

Law of reflection

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

29
Q

Where are the angles of incidence and reflection measured from?

A

Between the light ray and the normal

30
Q

Refraction

A

Is the change of direction of a wave at a boundary. Always changes speed and sometimes direction.

31
Q

Normal

A

A line that is always right angles to the boundary. All angles are measured to this line

32
Q

Specular reflection

A

Reflection from a smooth surface

33
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

Reflection from a rough surface

34
Q

When does refraction occur?

A

When a wave goes from one medium to another and it always changes speed and sometimes changes direction

35
Q

Why does an object appear to bend in water?

A

Because of refraction

36
Q

Less dense to more dense (air to glass)

A

Will slow down and the angle to the normal will bend towards it

37
Q

Infrared

A

This has wavelengths that are longer than visible light, and can be felt as heat. Could cause skin to burn.

38
Q

Visible

A

Able to be seen. Very intense light could damage the retina

39
Q

Xray

A

Used in medical images of bones. Can damage cells and cell death. Found in radioactive elements and hot objects in space.

40
Q

Ray diagram

A

Diagram used to represent how light travels, each ray has an arrow to show the direction of travel

41
Q

Period formula

A

T = 1/f

42
Q

Wave

A

An oscillation that transfers energy.

43
Q

Pressure

A

Is the force per unit area and applied perpendicularly.

44
Q

The more often or harder the collisions…

A

The greater the pressure

45
Q

If the volume of gas decreases…

A

The pressure increases.

46
Q

Formula for pressure

A

P = f/a

47
Q

Pressure unit

A

Nm-2

48
Q

Force unit

A

N (newtons)

49
Q

Force is usually weight =

A

W = mg

50
Q

What is the kelvin temperature?

A

Is a scale that is designed so that absolute zero is defined as 0K.

51
Q

Lowest temperature you can reach

A

Absolute zero

52
Q

Celsius to Kelvin

A

+273

53
Q

Kelvin to Celsius

A

-273

54
Q

As particles increase in temperature

A

They move faster

55
Q

For a fixed mass and volume of gas, the absolute pressure is…

A

Directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature

56
Q

When would molecules stop moving?

A

When at absolute zero (0K)

57
Q

To increase pressure

A

Increase the force Have a smaller surface area

58
Q

To decrease pressure

A

Decrease the force Have a larger surface area

Nat 5 Physics (4 decks)

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