Topic 1- Variation Flashcards
What are the ‘5 Kingdoms’ that all living things are divided into?
Plants. Animals. Fungi. Protoctists. Prokaryotes.
What is ‘Classificiation’?
Classification is the organising of living organisms into groups.
What are the 4 ‘Plant’ Characteristics?
Contain Chlorophyll.
Autotrophs.
Multicellular.
Have rigid cell walls, to support cells.
What does ‘Autotroph’ mean?
When a living organism is able to make their own food by a process (e.g. Plants make food by photosynthesis).
What are the 4 ‘Animal’ Characteristics?
No chlorophyll.
Heterotrophs.
Multicellular.
No cell walls.
What does ‘Heterotroph’ mean?
When a living organism can’t make their own food, so they have to move about and find things to eat.
What are the 4 ‘Fungi’ Characteristics?
No chlorophyll.
Saprophytes.
Multicellular.
Have a cell wall.
What does ‘Saprophytes’ mean?
An organism which feeds off dead organisms and decaying material. (E.g. Fungi)
What are the 2 ‘Protoctists’ Characteristics? Give an example.
Unicellular.
Have a nucleus.
E.g. Algae.
What are the 2 ‘Prokaryotes’ Characteristics? Give an example.
Unicellular.
Don’t have a nucleus.
E.g. Bacteria.
Why aren’t Viruses classified?
Most scientists thinks Viruses as non-living and therefore cannot be classified into any of the kingdoms.
What are the Kingdoms, in Classification, subdivided into?
King Prawn Curry Or Fish Gut Soup
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is the Phylum ‘Chordata’ made up of?
Animals that all have a supporting rod-like structure that goes up the back of the body. E.g. The backbone in Vertebrates.
What ‘Phylum’ are Animals divided into?
Vertebrates and Invertebrates.
What do you have if you’re a ‘Vertebrate’?
A backbone.
An internal skeleton.
What does it mean if you’re an ‘Invertebrate’?
No backbone.
No internal skeleton, but some may have an external skeleton.
What 5 groups (classes) are ‘Vertebrates’ divided into?
Fish. Amphibians. Reptiles. Birds. Mammals.
Scientists divide Vertebrates into Classes for 3 main reasons, what are these reasons?
1) How they Absorb Oxygen
2) How they Reproduce
3) How they Regulate their Internal Body Temperature.
Name 3 ways in which a ‘Vertebrate’ can absorb Oxygen?
Lungs (E.g. Mammals)
Gills (E.g. Fish)
Skin (E.g. Amphibians)
How does Fertilisation occur in Vertebrates?
Internally (E.g. Mammals)
Externally (E.g. Fish)
What does ‘Oviparous’ mean?
Lays eggs (E.g. Reptiles)
What does ‘Viviparous’ mean?
Give birth to live young which are fed milk by the mother. (E.g. Mammals)
What does ‘Homeotherms’ mean?
They are Warm-blooded, as their body temperature is kept constant by Homeostasis. (E.g. Mammals)
What does ‘Poikilotherms’ mean?
This means that they’re Cold-blooded, as their body temperature changes with external temperature. (E.g. Reptiles)
Sometimes newly discovered species don’t really fit into any of the categories. The Duck-billed Platypus is classed as a Mammal. However, explain why the Duck-billed Platypus doesn’t really fit into any ‘Class’.
Have a bill like a duck (Bird).
Have a tail like a beaver (Mammal).
Homeothermic.
Suckles young but it’s Oviparous (lays eggs).
What makes Organisms the same ‘species’?
If they can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
What does ‘Hybrid’ mean?
A hybrid is a fertile organism, which has been reproduced by a male from one species and a female from another species.
