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History Russia 1914-39 > Topic 1: The Tsarist regime and its collapse 1914-1917 > Flashcards

Topic 1: The Tsarist regime and its collapse 1914-1917 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did autocracy mean for the Tsar?

A

It meant that he had absolute power, could make laws, appoint ministers and decide on policies completely on his own.

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2
Q

When was the first duma set up?

A

1906

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3
Q

Did Nicholas II like the duma having power?

A

No, he was very reluctant to allow it any real power.

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4
Q

What did Nicholas II ‘s tyrannical control over power mean about change in Russia?

A

It meant that it was impossible to bring about any changes in Russia without Nicholas agreeing to them.

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5
Q

Was Nicholas II strong and stubborn on his decisions or weak and easily influenced?

A

Weak and easily influenced by others

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6
Q

Give an example of when Nicholas II was indecisive in his regime.

A

Even when he took the right decision e.g. after the 1905 revolution, he changed his mind later on.

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7
Q

Did he really want to be the Tsar?

A

No

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8
Q

What was a problem about the Tsar Nicholas II attitude?

A

He was not capable of acting sensibly

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9
Q

What had the Tsar traditionally relied on to deal with opposition?

A

Repression

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10
Q

What was one of the Tsars forms of repression?

A

The secret police

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11
Q

What was the name for the Tsars secret police?

A

Okhrana

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12
Q

Who broke up street disturbances? (repression)

A

Cossacks

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13
Q

How was the Tsars Nicholas II grandfather killed?

A

By a bomb.

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14
Q

What was the name of the Tsar Nicholas II grandfather?

A

Alexander II

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15
Q

When was Alexander II ( Tsar Nicholas II grandfather) killed?

A

1881

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16
Q

In Russia there were extremes of wealth and poverty, far greater than in any other European country. How were these made worse?

A

These were made worse by big increases in the populations of the two main cities St. Petersburg and Moscow.

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17
Q

Fill in the blanks.

The number of people living in St. Petersburg and Moscow nearly doubled between ____ and _____

A

1880 and 1914

18
Q

What did the increase in population in Russia lead to?

A

Overcrowding
Shortages of food
Unrest

19
Q

In 1917 what percentage of the population worked in industry?

A

2%

20
Q

In 1917 what percentage of the population worked in agriculture?

A

80%

21
Q

In 1917 what percentage of the population were literate?

A

30%

22
Q

What did the Russians think about Western ideas?

A

They distrusted them

23
Q

What did the army commanders think was the most important weapon?

A

Bayonet

24
Q

What was the largest and most powerful opposition group in Russia called?

A

Socialist-Revolutionaries

25
Q

Where were the socialist revolutionaries strongest in Russia? And who supported them the most?

A

Countryside where they were supported by many peasants

26
Q

What two groups made up the Social Democrats?

A

The Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks

27
Q

Which opposition group was most significant?

A

The Bolsheviks (part of the social democrats)

28
Q

Fill in the blanks.

Industrialisation was proceeding rapidly in the big cities of St Petersburg and Moscow. Their populations increased by more than ______ in the twenty years leading up to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

A

50%

29
Q

What did Russia being an important industrial power mean for the workers living conditions?

A

That ten of thousands of them were were squashed into overcrowded districts in the centres of the cities.

30
Q

In 1904 and 1905 which country was Russia defeated by?

A

Japan

31
Q

In what years did Japan defeat Russia?

A

1904 and 1905

32
Q

In what did Japan defeat Russia in 1904 and 1905?

A

Russo-Japanese War

33
Q

How did Russias defeat by Japan make Russia feel?

A

Humiliated

34
Q

What did Russias defeat by Japan lead to? Give an example.

A

Protests like ‘Bloody Sunday’

35
Q

What helped bring about the 1905 Revolution?

A

Protests like ‘Bloody Sunday’ after Russia was defeated by Japan.

36
Q

What was the only reason that Tsar Nicholas II was saved during the protests throughout 1905?

A

The loyalty of his army

37
Q

When was the October Manifesto granted after the revolution of that year had threatened to overthrow him?

A

1905

38
Q

What did Nicholas II grant in 1905 in response to the threat to overthrow him?

A

The October Manifesto 1905

39
Q

What did the Tsar Nicholas II promise the October Manifest?

A
  • Civil liberties for all people, including freedom from arrest and freedom of conscience, speech, assembly and association.
  • The creation of a State Duma, which would have to agree to all laws.
  • Universal suffrage for the election of the Duma.
40
Q

After the 1905 October Manifesto when did the State Duma first meet?

A

1906

41
Q

How long was the first State Duma around for?

A

72 Days

History Russia 1914-39 (1 decks)

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