Topic 1 - the relationship between diet and health Flashcards
What are macronutrients?
Macronutrients are nutrients that provide energy and are needed in large amounts. They include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
What are the primary functions of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of energy, crucial for brain function and overall energy levels.
Name two sources of simple carbohydrates.
Fruits (fructose) and milk (lactose).
What are complex carbohydrates and their sources?
Complex carbohydrates provide sustained energy and include fiber. Sources include whole grains (bread, rice, pasta), starchy vegetables (potatoes, corn), and legumes (beans, lentils).
Why are proteins important in our diet?
Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. They are involved in the production of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
What are high biological value and low biological proteins?
High biological value proteins contain all nine essential amino acids (e.g., animal products, quinoa, soy), while low biological values proteins lack one or more essential amino acids (e.g., most plant-based proteins).
List two functions of fats in the body.
Fats provide a concentrated source of energy and are necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated
- Saturated Fats: Found in animal products and some plant oils.
- Unsaturated Fats: Found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, avocados, and oily fish.
What are micronutrients and why are they important?
Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals required in small amounts for various bodily functions, such as immune function, bone health, and energy production.
What are fat-soluble vitamins and their sources?
Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K. Sources are dairy products, fish, liver, green leafy vegetables, nuts, and seeds.
Name two water-soluble vitamins and their functions.
B Vitamins: Energy production, red blood cell formation, and nervous system health.
Vitamin C: Boosts the immune system.
What are macrominerals and give an example.
Macrominerals are required in larger amounts and include calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and phosphorus.
Example: Calcium is essential for bone health.
Describe the Eatwell Guide.
The Eatwell Guide provides a visual representation of how different foods contribute to a healthy balanced diet, emphasizing fruits, vegetables, starchy carbohydrates, proteins, dairy, and fluids.
Why is a balanced diet important?
A balanced diet provides all the essential nutrients in the right proportions to maintain health and wellbeing, preventing diet-related diseases.
What is the impact of excessive sugar intake on health?
Excessive sugar intake can lead to weight gain, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries.
