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Year 9 Geography > Topic 1: Tectonic Plates > Flashcards

Topic 1: Tectonic Plates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of the earth?

A

Like an onion of 4 main layers

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2
Q

What theory did Alfred Wegener discover?

A

The Theroy of continental drift

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3
Q

What is the theory of the Continental drift?

A

How the earths continents have moved over geological time

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4
Q

What are some of the evidiences to support Alfred Wegner theroy?

A

The Jigsaw Fit
convection currents
Fossil theroy
palaeomagnetism

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5
Q

What is meant by the jigsaw fit?

A

All the continets fit like a jigsaw

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6
Q

What is meant by convection currents in Alfred Wegners theory?

A

There are convection currents in the mantle moving plates apart

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7
Q

What is meant by Fossil Theory in Alfred Wegners theory?

A

Similar fossils are found across different continents

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8
Q

What is meant by palaeomagnetism in Alfred Wegners Theory?

A

the study of magnetic rocks to record the history of the magnetic field.

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9
Q

What are the names of the major plate boundries?
Clue: Asian PE

A

African
South American
Indo-Australian
Antarctic
North American
Pacific
Eurasian

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10
Q

What are the two different tectonic plates?

A

Continental plates and oceanic plates

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11
Q

What are continental plates?

A

Continental plates are thicker, older and lighter, so they do not sink

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12
Q

What are oceanic plates?

A

Oceanic plates are thinner, younger, and denser so they can sink (subduct) under another plate.

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13
Q

What is a plate margin (boundary)?

A

the location where 2 tectonic plates meet or sit next to each other

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14
Q

What are the 3 different plate boundarys?

A

Conservative / transform
Constructive / divergent
Destructive / convergent

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15
Q

What movement occurs at a constructive plate boundary?

A

When two tectonic platers move away from each other

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16
Q

Where would you normally find a constructive plate boundry

A

Under the sea

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17
Q

What natural disaster happens at constructive plate boundarys?

A

Volcanoes and weak earthquakes

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18
Q

What movement occurs at a destructive plate boundary? (One oceanic plate and one continental plate)

A

Tectonic plates move toward each other and the oceanic subducts under the continental

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19
Q

What natural disaster happens at a destructive plate boundary? (One oceanic plate and one continental plate)

A

Intense volcanoes and earthquakes

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20
Q

What movement occurs at a destructive plate boundary? (Two continental plates)

A

Towards each other creating fold mountains due to the pressure

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21
Q

What natural diaster happens at a destructive plate boundary? (Two continental plates)

A

Earthquakes

22
Q

What movement occurs at a conservative plate boundary

A

Continental plates slide past each other and get stuck

23
Q

What natural diaster happens at a conservative plate boundary?

A

An intense Eathquake

24
Q

What were the effects of the Haitain disaster?

A

It impacted them socially, economically, politically and environmentally

25
Q

What does socially include?

A

Peoples quality of life (transport, health, homes , education)

26
Q

What does economically include?

A

Wealth (jobs, income, tax, bussiness)

27
Q

What does politically include?

A

Affects government decisions

28
Q

What does environmentally include?

A

The enviornment

29
Q

Where is the focus?

A

Where the earthquake happens

30
Q

Where is the epicentre

A

The point on the ground where the earthquake happens

31
Q

What happened in Haiti?

A

A richter scale 7 earthquake

32
Q

What were the consequences of the haiti earthquake?

A

Many people died and were injured
Inmates escaped
The government had no control
Most homes and buildings collapsed

33
Q

How do tsunamis form?

A

An earthquake or volcano under water

34
Q

What is the Most common tsunami formation?

A

Destructive boundary earthquakes

35
Q

What is a wave?

A

Energy travelling through water

36
Q

What happends after an earthquake happens under water? (Tsunami)

A

A wave shoots up from the focus and travels to the nearest shore at a very high speed

37
Q

Why does a tsunami go from about 3m to 100m

A

The converge (merge) together because of the shallower water

38
Q

Example of a tsunami?

A

The indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004

39
Q

What is one way you csn predict a tectonic hazard?

A

Using Seismographs to measure the earths temors leading up to a volcano

40
Q

What can you do to prepare for a tectonic hazrd?

A

Make earthquake proof buildings

41
Q

What are the four main layers of the earth

A

the crust
the mantle
the outer core
the inner core

42
Q

Which layer or the earth is thickest?

A

The mantle

43
Q

Which layer of the earth is the hottest?

A

The inner core

44
Q

True or false

The inner core of the earth is a liquid

A

False

45
Q

Which tectonic plate do we live on?

A

The eurasian plate

46
Q

Where is an example of a divergent (constructive) plate boundary?

A

Iceland

47
Q

Where is an example of a convergent (destructive) plate boundary?

A

Himalayas

48
Q

What will happen at a convergent (destructive) plate boundary?

A

Fold mountains

49
Q

What does pyroclastic flow mean?

A

Fast-moving currents of hot gas and rock

50
Q

What plate boundry and how did the 2004 indian ocean tsunami happen?

A

Convergent (destructive) underwater earthquake

51
Q

Which country was the most affected by the indian ocean tsunami?

A

Indonesia

52
Q

Why do people live in volcanic areas?

A

Selling ash

Year 9 Geography (5 decks)

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