Topic 1: Stoichiometric relationships Flashcards
What are the three states of matter? How do they differ?
Solid, Liquid, and gas
They differ in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles
What is sublimation?
from solid state directly to the gaseous state
What is deposition?
from gaseous state directly to solid state
sometimes also called desublimation, reverse sublimation
How does solid state change to a liquid state and vice versa?
solid melting to liquid
liquid freezing to solid
How does a liquid state change to a gas state and vice versa?
Liquid boiling and evaporating to gas
Gas condensing to liquid
What is the difference between energy at the solid state to the gas state?
there is more energy towards the gas state and heating provides energy and particles gain energy
there is less energy towards the solid state and cooling takes out energy so particles lose energy
What temperature can evaporation and boiling occur?
evaporation can occur at any temperature
boiling occurs at a fixed temperature
What is the difference between the 3 states: distance between particles
Solid: close together
Liquids: close but further apart than in solids
Gas: particles far apart
What is the difference between the 3 states: arrangment
Solids: regular
Liquids: random
Gas: random
What is the difference between the 3 states: shape and volume
Solids: fixed shape and volume
Liquids: no fixed shape (takes up the shape of the container) but fixed volume
Gas: No fixed volume or shape (fill the container)
What is the difference between the 3 states: movement
Solids: vibrate
Liquids: move around each other
Gas: Move around in all directions
What is the difference between the 3 states: speed of movement and energy
Solid: slowest, lowest
Liquids: faster, higher
Gas: fastest, highest
What is the difference between the 3 states: forces of attraction
Solids: strongest
Liquids: weaker
Gas: weakest
What do the particles in a solid do when heated?
They gain kinetic energy and the temperature of the solvent or solid rises
When heat energy is supplied, what is it used to partially overcome?
the forces of attraction between particles so that they can move around each other
What is an element made out of?
An element is a pure substance that contains only one type of atom
What is a compound?
A compound is a pure substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically
What is an element made out of?
An element is a pure substance that contains only one type of atom
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element
What are the physical properties of sodium?
a grey, reactive metal with a low melting point
What is chlorine?
a yellowgreen poisonous gas
Are the physical and chemical properties of a compound the same as the element it’s made out of?
The physical and chemical properties of a compound are very different to those of the elements from which it is formed
What is the difference between chemical properties and physical properties?
Chemical properties dictate how something reacts in a chemical reaction
Physical properties are basically all the other properties of a substance – such as melting point, density, hardness, electrical conductivity etc.
What do elements always do when they combine to form compounds?
They always combine in fixed ratios depending on the number of atoms required