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Drug Delivery Systems > Topic 1: Sterile Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Topic 1: Sterile Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

are pharmaceutical dosage forms that are injected through one or more layers of skin

A

parenteral preparations

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2
Q

provide the most rapid onset of action of any parenteral route

A

intravenous

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3
Q

pass out of vessel into the tissue, blood, lymph

A

extravasation

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4
Q

Clotting within a blood vessel

A

thrombosis

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4
Q

into a substance or a cell

A

infiltration

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5
Q

inflammation of the vein

A

phlebitis

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6
Q

air is introduced into the vein

A

air emboli

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7
Q

A complication wherein a circulating clot carried by the blood stream lodges into a blood vessel

A

embolism

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8
Q

Drugs intended for prolonged or delayed absorption

A

intramuscular

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9
Q

needles used for intramuscular injections

A

2 inch to 3 inches long
20 to 22 gauge in size.

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10
Q

vol of admin for intramuscular

A

NMT 5 ml - gluteal region
NMT 2 ml - deltoid arm

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11
Q

Women tend to have more fat in this region than men, so the possibility of an ___ is significant.

A

intralipomatous injection

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12
Q

complications of intramuscular

A

Abscesses
Cysts
Embolism
Hematoma
Skin sloughing
Scar formation

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13
Q

The usual site for intradermal injections

A

anterior surface of the forearm

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14
Q

needles for intradermal injections

A

3/8 inches long
23 to 26 gauge

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15
Q

Drugs that are injected for diagnostic determinations, desensitization, or immunization.

A

intradermal

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16
Q

vol of admin for intradermal injections

A

0.1 mL

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17
Q

it can be used for both short term and very long term therapies

A

subcutaneous

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18
Q

vol of admin for subcutaneous injections

A

2 mL

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19
Q

needles for subcutaneous injections

A

3/8 to 1 inch
24 to 26 gauge

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20
Q

drugs that are intradermally injected are agents for

A

diagnostic determinations, desensitization, or immunization

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21
Q

syringe used for intradermal injection

A

tuberculin syringe

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22
Q

administration is injection of a drug directly into the heart.

A

intracardiac

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23
Q

refers to injection of large volumes of a solution into subcutaneous tissue to provide a continuous, abundant drug supply. This route occasionally is used for antibiotic administration in children

A

hypodermoclysis

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24
Q

administration refers to injection into the spinal column

A

intraspinal

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25
Q

administration means injection into a joint space

A

intra-articular

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26
Q

administration refers to injection into the joint fluid

A

intrasynovial

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27
Q

administration is injection into the spinal fluid; it sometimes is used for antibiotics

A

intrathecal

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28
Q

Liquid preparation that are drug substances or solutions thereof

A

injection

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29
Q

Dry solids added with suitable vehicles

A

for injection

30
Q

Liquid preparation dissolved or dispersed in an emulsion medium

A

injectable emulsion

31
Q

Liquid preparation of solid suspended in a suitable liquid medium

A

injectable suspension

32
Q

Dry solids added with vehicles to make them injectable suspension

A

for injectable suspension

33
Q

is the vehicle of the greatest importance for sterile products and especially, for parenterals since it is the vehicle for all natural fluids

A

water

34
Q

It must meet the requirements for water for injection, USP

A

water

35
Q

Meets requirements for Purified Water USP plus the USP “Pyrogen Test”

A

water for injection

36
Q

It must not contain more than 1mg/100mL of total solids

A

water for injection

37
Q

Meets requirements for Water for Injection USP plus passes the USP “Sterility Test”

A

Sterile Water for Injection

38
Q

Packaged in single dose containers not larger than 1 L

A

sterile water for injection

39
Q

Sterile water with antimicrobial agents

A

Bacteriostatic Water for Injection

40
Q

Packaged in container not more 30 mL

A

Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
Bacteriostatic Sodium chloride

41
Q

benzyl alcohol poisoning

A

gasping syndrome

42
Q

sterile, isotonic

A

Sodium chloride for Injection

43
Q

NaCl for injection vol

A

154 mEq of Na and Cl per L solution

44
Q

Contains 1 or more antimicrobials

A

Bacteriostatic Sodium chloride

45
Q

“NOT FOR USE IN NEONATES”

A

Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
Bacteriostatic Sodium chloride

46
Q

Ringer’s injection contains

A

NaCl, KCl, CaCl2

47
Q

Electrolyte replenisher and plasma volume expander

A

ringer’s injection

48
Q

Fluid and electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkalizer.

A

Lactated Ringer’s

49
Q

vehicle component for single dose

A

sterile water for injection

50
Q

vehicle components for multiple doses

A

bacteriostatic for injection, bacteriostatic sodium chloride

51
Q

must not be toxic, irritating or sensitizing and must not exert any adverse effect on the ingredients of the formulation

A

non-aqueous vehicle

52
Q

most frequently used non-aqueous solvents

A

polyethylene glycol
propylene glycol
alcohol
glycerin
fixed oils

53
Q

used as solvent for IM injection

A

Corn oil
cottonseed oil
peanut oil
sesame oil

54
Q
A
55
Q

The most commonly used agents include the two mercurials

A

phenylmercuric nitrate
thimerosal

56
Q

the four homologous esters of

A

p-hydroxybenzoic acid
phenol
benzyl alcohol
chlorobutanol

57
Q

is one of the pathways of degradation of which can be accelerated during thermal sterilization.

A

oxidation

58
Q

Antioxidants used in sterile products are classified into

A

Reducing agents
Blocking agents
Synergist
Chelating agents
Inert gases

59
Q

antioxidants which function by being preferentially oxidized;

A

Reducing agents

60
Q

antioxidants which block an oxidative chain reaction in which they are not usually consumed;

A

Blocking agents

61
Q

ompounds increase the effectiveness of antioxidants, particularly those blocking oxidative reactions

A

Synergist

62
Q

Reducing agents examples

A

ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, and metabisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, thiourea.

63
Q

Blocking agents examples

A

ascorbic acid esters, butyl hydroxytoluene(BHT) and tocopherols.

64
Q

Synergist examples

A

ascorbic acid, citric acid, citraconic acid, phosphoric acid and tartaric acid.

65
Q

those that complex with catalysts which otherwise would accelerate the oxidative reactions;

A

chelating agents

66
Q

chelating agent example

A

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts

67
Q

like nitrogen and carbon dioxide have been used to displace oxygen from solution and reduced the possibility of the oxidative changes in the formulation

A

inert gases

68
Q

added to maintain the required pH for many products

A

buffers

69
Q

The principal buffer systems used to stabilize pH are the

A

acetates, citrates and phosphates

70
Q

Compounds contributing to the isotonicity of a product

A

tonicity contributors

71
Q

Reduced the pain of injection in the areas with nerve endings

A

tonicity contributors

72
Q

LEORA

A

Loss of Electron Oxidation Reducing Agents

73
Q

GEROA

A

Gain of Electron Reduction Oxidizing Agents

Drug Delivery Systems (2 decks)

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