Topic 1 - states of Matter, Elements & Nomenclature Flashcards
What is Matter?
A substance that hass mass and takes up space
How can matter can be categorized ?
By physical state (gas, liquid, solid) and by composition (elements, compounds, mixtures).
How many ways can matter be classified
2 (physical state and composition)
What is an Atom?
- the smallest unit of matter
- smallest building block of the element
- 3 main parts (protons, neutrons and electrons)
- atoms may form bonds with other atoms
E.g. Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What is an Element?
- a pure substance consisting of one type of atom
- can be identified by atomic number (number of protons)
E.g. Oxygens atomic number is 8
What is a molecule?
- formed when 2 or more atoms join together chemically (can be the same atom)
- The smallest individual building block of compounds
What is a compound?
- formed when two different elements join together
What is the mass number? (bottom num)
number of protons (+) and number of neutrons
What is the atomic number? (top num)
number of protons/electrons as they are the same (atoms are electrically neutral)
What is an Isotope?
atoms with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.
Compound vs Molecule
molecules can contain atoms of the same element (O2) but not compounds they need to be different so all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
Why do atoms bond together?
because the compound that forms is more stable (has less energy) than the separate atoms.
What is an Ion?
if a compound breaks up in water they become electrically charged = ions
symbol of hydrogen
H
symbol of lithium
Li
symbol of beryllium
Be
symbol of boron
B
symbol of silicon
Si
symbol of chromium
Cr
symbol of fluorine
F
symbol of neon
Ne
symbol of helium
He
symbol of sodium
Na
symbol of magnesium
Mg
symbol of aluminium
Al
symbol of vanadium
V
symbol of oxygen
O
symbol of chlorine
Cl
symbol of argon
Ar
symbol of potassium
K
symbol of calcium
Ca
symbol of scandium
Sc
