Topic 1 - States of Matter Flashcards
Change of state from solid to liquid
Melting
Change of state from liquid to gas
Boiling
Change of state from gas to liquid
Condensing
Change of state from liquid to solid
Freezing
How close together are particles in a solid?
Very close
How close together are particles in a liquid?
Close
How close together are particles in a gas?
Far apart
How are particles arranged in a solid?
Regular pattern
How are particles arranged in a liquid?
Randomly
How are particles arranged in a gas?
Randomly
How do particles move in a solid?
Vibrate around a fixed position
How do particles move in a liquid?
Move around eachother
How do particles move in a gas?
Move quickly in all directions
Which state of matter has the highest relative energy?
Gas
Which state of matter has the lowest relative energy?
Solid
Name three properties of a solid
- have a fixed volume and a fixed shape
- cannot flow
- cannot be compressed
Name three properties of liquids
- have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
- can flow and take the shape of the container
- cannot easily be compressed
Name three properties of gases
- have no fixed shape or volume
- can flow and completely fill the container
- can easily be compressed
Why can gases be compressed, but not solids?
In a gas the particles are far apart and have space to move into, but in a solid the particles are very close together and so they can’t move closer.
Sublimation
The state change from solid to gas, without becoming a liquid in between
Are changes of state physical or chemical changes?
Physical - no new substances are formed, and state changes can be reversed
What causes a state change?
The breaking of bonds between particles
The melting point of oxygen is -218 degrees Celsius, and its boiling point is -183 degrees Celsius.
Predict the state of oxygen at -200 degrees Celsius.
Liquid
Given temperature < melting point
Solid
Given temperature is between melting and boiling points
Liquid
Given temperature > boiling point
Gas
In which state of matter are the particles furthest apart?
Gas
Which state of matter has a fixed volume but no fixed shape?
Liquid
The melting point of sulfur is 113 degrees C, and its boiling point is 445 degrees C.
What state would sulfur be in at 200 degrees C ?
Liquid
The sulfur has melted but not boiled.
The melting point of methanol is -94 degrees Celsius, and its boiling point is 65 degrees Celsius.
What state of matter would methanol be at -100 degrees Celsius?
Solid.
It has not yet reached its melting point.
How would you describe the force of attraction between particles in a solid?
There are strong forces of attraction between particles, which hold them in fixed positions.
How would you describe the force of attraction between particles in a liquid?
There is some force of attraction between particles - they’re free to move past each other but they tend to stick together.
How would you describe the force of attraction between particles in a gas?
There’s no force of attraction between particles - they’re free to move
What happens as you heat a gas?
The hotter the gas gets, the more it expands, or the more its pressure increases.
