Topic 1 States Of Matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
Define matter.
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
How can matter be classified?
- According to its physical state: gas, liquid, solid.
- According to its composition: elements, compound, mixture.
What is an element?
A substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number.
What is a compound?
Two or more different elements bonded together.
What is an atom?
The smallest individual building block of the elements.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in an atom.
What is the mass number?
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is a molecule?
A neutral entity consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
True or False: All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
True
What are ions?
Electrically charged particles formed when compounds break up in solution.
Fill in the blank: The formula for water is _______.
H2O
What is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
What is the significance of valence electrons in chemical bonding?
They are the electrons that participate in bonding between atoms.
What is the formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
Name two types of chemistry.
- Inorganic
- Organic
What is the chemical formula for ammonia?
NH3
Fill in the blank: The formula for calcium hydroxide is _______.
Ca(OH)2
What is the formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?
A compound consists of different elements, while a molecule can consist of the same element.
What is the primary role of chemical bonds?
To lower the potential energy between charged particles.
What are the names of the first thirty elements in the periodic table?
[Refer to periodic table for names and symbols]
What is the formula for potassium hydroxide?
KOH
