Topic 1 Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Question 1

Igneous Rocks

Answer 1

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption.

Question 2

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 2

Rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure.

Question 3

Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 3

Rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure (or both).

Question 4

Minerals

Answer 4

Any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods.

Question 5

Lithosphere

Answer 5

The outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.

Question 6

Magma

Answer 6

A very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle.

Question 7

Sediment

Answer 7

Material broken down by weathering and erosion that is moved by wind or water and collects in layers.

Question 8

Lustre

Answer 8

Appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light. A mineral can appear glassy, waxy, metallic, dull, pearly, silky or brilliant.

Question 9

Streak

Answer 9

Colour of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile.

Question 10

Hardness

Answer 10

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.

Question 11

Extrusive Rocks

Answer 11

Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface.

Question 12

Intrusive Rocks

Answer 12

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the earths surface.

Question 13

Batholith

Answer 13

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across.

Question 14

Erosion:

Answer 14

Sediments are deposited when weathered rock is moved from one place to another by the wind, running water, the sea or glaciers.

Question 15

Fossil

Answer 15

Any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past.

Question 16

Trace fossils

Answer 16

Fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed.

Question 17

Rock that forms from the cementing of deposited particles is called?

Answer 17

Sedimentary Rock

Question 18

A metamorphic rock is formed by:

Answer 18

Heat and pressure on a rock

Question 19

How can we identify the speed at which a mineral cools?

Answer 19

The size of the crystals

Question 20

Why is an imprint of a leaf considered a different type of fossil when compared to a bone?

Answer 20

It is evidence not the actual item.