Topic 1 - PROKARYOTIC & EUKARYOTIC CELLS Flashcards
What are cells are why are they all different
Cells are the basic unit of life. Cells are different because they contain different organelles and functions
Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They have a circular loop of DNA. Whereas, Eukaryotic cells can be uni or multi cellular and contain membrane bound organelles. They have linear strands of DNA.
Differences between plant and animal cells
- Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts
- Animal cells have lysosomes and centrioles
Organelles in a eukaryotic cell and their functions (12)
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
- Centrioles
- Golgi bodies
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
Nucleus
Control centre of the cell
Nucleolus
Site of ribosome production in the nucleus
Cytoplasm
Provide liquid environment for chemical reactions
Cell membrane
Control movement of substances in and out of the cell
Cell wall
Provide structure and support the cell
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Smooth ER
Folded membrane - site of fat/lipid synthesis
Rough ER
Folded membrane covered with ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
Centrioles
Organelles located in the cytoplasm that help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell
Golgi body
Sorts and packages proteins out of the cell.
Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration
What are protists? Are they eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Protists are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are neither plant or animal cell.
Explain why cells need to be small
A cell is small in order to increase its diffusion rate of nutrients
Explain how cell size, SA:V ratio and the rate of diffusion are all related to cell survival
The smaller the cell, the larger the ratio and therefore the faster diffusion which allows cells to receive nutrients quicker and survive.
Be able to calculate the SA:V ratio of a cell with given dimensions
-Surface area : 6xLxH
-Volume : LxWxH
Starch granule
Starch granule helps plants store energy, providing a reserve supply of carbohydrates for future plant growth and development
What is the difference between bacteria and paramecium
Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do not have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus. Whereas, paramecium is eukaryotic with well membrane bound organelles and a nucleus.
Label a cell
- Animal cell
- Centrioles
- Mitochondria
