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The Unification of Germany > Topic 1: Popular Pressure and Cause of Revolution > Flashcards

Topic 1: Popular Pressure and Cause of Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

When was the French Revolution?

A

1789

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2
Q

What was the French Revolution?

A

France rose up in revolt against the ancien regime (the old feudal order in France)

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3
Q

What happened as a result of the French Revolution in France?

A

the power of the French monarchy, the Church and aristocracy was reduced

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4
Q

How did the French revolution influence Germans?

A
  • educated Germans approved of developments in France, calls for liberty, equality and fraternity and for a representative government
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5
Q

What did Germans not support in terms of the French Revolution?

A

King Louis XVI execution and thousands of people followed him into the guillotine in the Reign of Terror

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6
Q

When did Napoleon defeat Prussia and where?

A

1806 - Jena and Auerstedt

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7
Q

What reforms happened in Prussia in 1807?

A

1807- serfdom abolished and peasant were now free subjects before the law, able to own property and marry as they wished

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8
Q

When was the War of Liberation?

A

1813

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9
Q

What was the war of liberation?

A

Austria, Russia and Prussia defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig resulting in the destruction of French power in Germany

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10
Q

What was the Congress of Vienna?

A

a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Metternich, Austria

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11
Q

When was the Congress of Vienna?

A

November 1814-June 1815

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12
Q

What happened as a result of the Congress of Vienna?

A

German confederation established

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13
Q

When was the German Confederation established?

A

1815

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14
Q

What was the aim of the German Confederation?

A

to maintain the current German situation as oppose to a united Germany as none of the rulers of the separate states wanted their independence limited by the establishment of a strong central government

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15
Q

In 1818 who were granted constitutions

A
  • Baden

- Bavaria

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16
Q

In what year were constitutions granted to Baden and Bavaria?

A

1818

17
Q

What did the elected assembly in 1818 mean for Baden and Bavaria?

A
  • assemblies had the power to make laws and control taxation
  • suffrage was available to only a small portion of men due to the strict property qualification
18
Q

What did Liberals want?

A
  • parliamentary rule
  • freedom of speech
  • freedom of the press
  • freedom of worship
  • freedom to form political association and hold political meetings
  • a united Germany
19
Q

What do liberal German believe in?

A
  • only men of property should have the vote
  • did not want radical change
  • opposed to violence
  • achieving their aims by intellectual argument and peaceful persuasion
20
Q

When was the Carlsbad Decrees?

A

1819

21
Q

What prompted the Carlsbad Decrees?

A

a member of an extreme student society murdered Augustus Von Kotzebue, A Russian tsar informant on German affairs

22
Q

Who was murdered in 1819?

A

Augustus Von Kotzebue

23
Q

What was the Carlsbad Decrees?

A
  • provided inspectors for universities
  • ensured that student societies were disbanded
  • threatened radical university lecturers with dismissal
  • introduced press cencorship
  • set up a commission to investigate ‘revolutionary’ movements
  • allowed the Confederation to intervene in any state that refused to implement these measures or which was threatened by revolution
24
Q

When was the Hambach Festival?

A

30 May 1832

25
Q

What was the Hambach festival?

A

a national democratic festival in support of German unity, freedom and democracy

26
Q

How many people attended the Hambach festival?

A

30,000 artisan, peasant and students

27
Q

What was passed due to the Hambach festival?

A

The Six Articles

28
Q

What did the Six Articles do?

A
  • increased the Bundestag’s control over the internal affairs over individulal states e.g. universities and press
29
Q

What was the Zollverein?

A
  • The Prussian Custom Union
30
Q

When was the Zollverein established?

A

1834

31
Q

What was important about the Zollverein?

A
  • all members had a common system of tariffs
  • it abolished all internal custom barriers
  • excluded Austria which would weaken Austria in the Confederation
32
Q

What year did Frederick IV become King of Prussia?

A

1840

33
Q

What did Frederich IV do to appease Liberals?

A
  • released political prisoners
  • relaxed cencorships
  • Arranged a provincial Diet to elect representatives to meet as an advisory body
  • extended the powers of the provincial diet and allowed them to publish reports of their debates
34
Q

What year did Frederich IV reimpose press censorship?

A

1843

35
Q

When did Frederich IV dissolve the Diet?

A

1847

36
Q

In what year did The Hippenhelm meeting happen?

A

1847

37
Q

What happened in 1847?

A

Meeting of liberal representatives in south-western states calling for an elected German national Diet (Assembly) - Hippenhelm Meeting

38
Q

What did the liberals at the Hippenhelm meeting demand?

A
  • an elected national assembly

- liberation of press

The Unification of Germany (1 decks)

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