Topic 1: Philosophical Self Flashcards
Greek words Philo “loving” Sophia “knowledge/wisdom”
Philosophy
explanations of the self from sensory and bodily responses
Empiricism
it explains self from the standpoint of what is ideal and the truth
Rationalism
the idea that the mind is separate from the body
Dualism
“The unexamined life is not worth living”
“knowing oneself”
Socrates
“the first and the best victory is to conquer self”
one should care about his soul rather than his body
Plato
Plato’s 3 parts of the soul that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself
Appetitive Soul
Plato’s 3 parts of the soul:
the courageous part of a person
Spirited Soul
Plato’s 3 parts of the soul:
The driver of our lives, thinks and plans for the future
Rational Soul
“knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom”
the human person is simply an animal that thinks.
body and soul are inseparable
Aristotle
Aristotle’s 3 levels of soul:
found in plants, three basic requirements to be called a “living being” capacity to grow, reproduce, feed.
Vegetative Soul
Aristotle’s 3 levels of soul:
sensations like animals
Sensitive Soul
Aristotle’s 3 levels of soul:
highest level of soul
Rational Soul (Aristotle)
‘’Accepting God is
the path to know thyself.’’
being alive means we are still far from God and have yet to be truly with him
St. Augustine
17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle “i think therefore i am”; believed mind and matter were completly seperate; known as father of modern rationalism
“Methodical Doubt”
Rene Descartes
Latin word for “I think, therefore I am”
Cogito Ergo Sum
“The self is conciousness”
known for his theory that the mind is “tabula rasa”, a blank slate
he believes that we are born without thoughts or that that the knowledge is instead is instead determined only by experience.
John Locke
“There is no self”
we cannot observe any permanent self because we continuously undergo change
David Hume
“We construct the self”
the awareness of different emotions, impressions, and behavior is only a part of ourselves
“Transcendental Apperception”
Immanuel Kant
An essence of our consciousness that provides basis for understanding and establishing the notion of self by synthesizing one’s accumulation of experiences, intuition and imagination.
Transcendental Apperception
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
self is multi-layered; ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Sigmund Freud
the child aspect of a person; Satisfaction of one’s needs and self gratification, driven by the pleasure principle
ID
the mediator between id and superego
EGO
the conscience of one’s personality; inclines to uphold justice and do what are morally right and socially acceptable actions
SUPEREGO
the memories that are easier to be tapped or accessed
Conscious
the middle part of the entirety of our consciousness; the memories stored in this area can still be accessed but with a little difficulty
Pre-conscious/subconscious
where the majority of our memories since childhood are deeply stored. It is very difficult to tap the memories
Unconscious
“I act, therefore I am”
Notion: the behavior that we show emotions and actions are the reflection of our mind.
(the self is the way people behave)
Gilbert Ryle
“The brain as the self”
self is defined by the movements of our brain
Paul Churchland
one should understand the different neurological movements of the brain
Neurophilosophy
“The self is an embodied subjectivity”
the French philosopher, who is known for his works on existentialism and phenomenology, distinguished the body into 2 types - the subjective body (as lived and experienced) and the objective body
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Both receive the experience as well as integrate such experiences in the different perception
The Body
The accumulation of the perception as integrated by the experiences of the body
The Perceived World
Enable one to not only be able to integrate the other objects in the world but also to be able to experience the cultural aspect and relate to others
The People and the World
