Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physio Exam 3 > Topic 1 Part A > Flashcards

Topic 1 Part A Flashcards

1
Q

Excretion= [formula]

A

Filtration–Reabsorption + Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Filtration occurs in the

A

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reabsorption and secretion occur in the

A

Proximal tubule
loop of Henle;
distal tubule
collecting tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Filtration rate= [formula]

A

GFR x Plasma concentration

  • -Glucose concentration = 1 g/L
  • -GFR = 180 L/day
  • -Filtration rate = (1 g/L) x ( 180 L/day) = 180 g/day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kidneys has independent control over

A

exertion rate by changing appropriate reabsorption rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tubular Reabsorption-Mechanisms (4)

A
  1. From tubular lumen into tubular cells
  2. From tubular lumen into tubular interstitial space
  3. From interior of cell into tubular interstitial space
  4. From interstitial space into peritubular capillary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

From tubular lumen into tubular cells is a

A

transcellular path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

From tubular lumen into tubular interstitial space is a

A

paracellular path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

From interstitial space into peritubular capillary is driven by

A

capillary filtration forces [bulk flow]–net movement into the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tubular Reabsorption–Mechanisms (A): involves both

A

active and passive mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tubular Reabsorption–Mechanisms (A): primary active transport (4)

A

Na-K ATPase
Hydrogen ATPase
H-K ATPase
Ca ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tubular Reabsorption–Mechanisms (A): Secondary active transport/co-transport (2)

A

Sodium-glucose

Sodium-amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tubular Reabsorption–Mechanisms (B): Secondary active/co-transport (1)

A

Sodium-hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tubular Reabsorption–Mechanisms (B): Pinocytosis (requires energy) =

A

Proteins–once in cell broken down to component amino acids and amino acids reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tubular Reabsorption–Mechanisms (B): Passive (2)

A

Osmotic movement of water

Bulk flow into peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reabsorption rate % for glucose

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reabsorption rate % for Bicarb

A

> 99.99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reabsorption rate % for Sodium

A

99.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reabsorption rate % for Chloride

A

99.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reabsorption rate % for Potassium

A

87.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reabsorption rate % for Urea

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reabsorption rate % for Creatinine

A

0%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sodium Reabsorption (A): Sodium pumped out of tubular cells into the interstitial spaces and then…

A

Potassium pumped into tubular cells

  • -Na-K ATPase on basolateral sides of tubular epithelial cells
  • -Creates membrane potential-70 mV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Sodium Reabsorption (A): Sodium follows concentration
gradient from tubular lumen into the
A 
tubular cells (diffusion down concentration & electrical gradients)
--Brush board of proximal tubule luminal membrane creates huge surface area for diffusion (20x increase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
Sodium Reabsorption (B): Sodium reabsorption also
enhanced by
A

carrier proteins through luminal membrane

–Co-transport & counter-transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sodium Reabsorption (B): Sodium quickly moves (along with water) from interstitial fluid into

A

peritubular capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q 
Glucose Reabsorption (A):
Co-transport mechanism tied to sodium gradient from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
--So efficient that usually removes all filtered \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Co-transport mechanism tied to sodium gradient from tubular lumen to interior of tubular cells
–So efficient that usually removes all filtered
glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Glucose Reabsorption (A):
Two luminal transporters– _____ and _____
– ____% glucose reabsorbed via _____ in early part of proximal tubule
– ____% reabsorbed in later part of proximal tubule via ____

A

Two luminal transporters–SGLT2 and SGLT1

  • -90% glucose reabsorbed via SGLT2 in early part of proximal tubule
  • -10% reabsorbed in later part of proximal tubule via SGLT1
29
Q

Glucose Reabsorption (B):
Two basolateral glucose transporters– _____ and _____
–______ transport down glucose concentration gradient
– ______ early stages of proximal tubule with ____ in the later stages

A

Two basolateral glucose transporters–GLUT2 and GLUT1

  • -Passive facilitated transport down glucose concentration gradient
  • -GLUT2 early stages of proximal tubule with GLUT1 in the later stages
30
Q 
Glucose Reabsorption (B):
Bulk flow moves glucose from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ into the \_\_\_\_\_
A

Bulk flow moves glucose from interstitial spaces into the peritubular capillaries

31
Q

Amino Acid Reabsorption:
Co-transport mechanism tied to sodium gradient from ________ to __________
–So efficient that usually removes all filtered ______

A

Co-transport mechanism tied to sodium gradient from tubular lumen to interior of tubular cells
–So efficient that usually removes all filtered amino

32
Q

Amino Acid Reabsorption:

______ system pumps the amino acids into the cells

A

Luminal co-transporter

33
Q

Amino Acid Reabsorption:

Amino acids diffuse out of the cells into the _______

A

interstitial spaces

34
Q

Amino Acid Reabsorption:

Bulk flow moves the amino acids from ____ into the ____

A

interstitial spaces into the peritubular capillaries

35
Q

Hydrogen Secretion

  • -Counter-transport mechanism tied to sodium gradient from ______ to _______
  • -Sodium-hydrogen exchanger is located in brush boarder of the ________
A
  • -Counter-transport mechanism tied to sodium gradient from tubular lumen to interior of tubular cells
  • -Sodium-hydrogen exchanger is located in brush boarder of the luminal membrane
36
Q

Maximum Level of Active Reabsorption:
Transport maximum: Max amount of solute that
can be reabsorbed (transport max transport)
–Occurs when

A

tubular load (amount of solute delivered to tubule) exceeds transport capacity of carrier proteins

37
Q 
Maximum Level of Active Reabsorption:
Filtered load versus transport maximum
--Glucose Tmax = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
--Glucose filtered load = GFR x [Glu] = 125 mls/min x 1
mg/ml = \_\_\_\_\_
A

–Glucose Tmax = 375 mg/min
–Glucose filtered load = GFR x [Glu] = 125 mls/min x 1
mg/ml = 125 mg/min

38
Q 
Maximum Level of Active Reabsorption:
Threshold conc (approx. \_\_\_\_ mg/dL) is concentration where glucose first appears in urine
A

Threshold conc (approx. 200 mg/dL) is concentration where glucose first appears in urine
–Less than T max because each individual nephron is
different–chart represents action of both kidneys so
Tmax reached when ALL nephrons have reached their
max

39
Q

Transport max: glucose=

A

375 mg/min

40
Q

Transport max: amino acids=

A

1.5 mM/min

41
Q

Transport max: plasma protein=

A

30 mg/min

42
Q

Transport max: creatinine (actively secreted)=

A

16 mg/min

43
Q

Transport max: para-aminohippuric acid (activley secreted)=

A

80 mg/min

44
Q

Two excretion rates: #1

Before secretion Tmax is reached, so the amount excreted is the sum amount of…

A

filtered and amount secreted (steepest slope of excretion curve)

45
Q

Two excretion rates: #2

After secretion Tmax is reached, the rate of excretion…

A

parallels filtration rate (slope of excretion curve matches slope of filtration curve)

46
Q

Gradient-Time Transport:
Solute that is reabsorbed _______ and some ______
reabsorbed solute may not show maximum rate of
transport

A

Solute that is reabsorbed passively and some actively
reabsorbed solute may not show maximum rate of
transport

47
Q

Gradient-Time Transport:

Rate of transport depends on: (4)

A

Electrochemical gradient for solute
Membrane permeability for solute
Time fluid containing solute remains in tubule
Transport rate inversely related tubular flow rate

48
Q

Sodium Reabsorption: Proximal Tubule

Sodium does not show a transport maximum even though it is

A

actively reabsorbed

49
Q

Sodium Reabsorption: Proximal Tubule
Capacity of _____ usually much greater than rate of net ______
-Significant amount of transported sodium leaks back into the ______
–Permeability of _______ between cells
–Forces controlling bulk flow of water & solute into ____

A

Capacity of Na-K ATPase usually much greater than rate of net sodium reabsorption

  • Significant amount of transported sodium leaks back into the tubular lumen
  • -Permeability of tight junctions between cells
  • -Forces controlling bulk flow of water & solute into peritubular capillaries
50
Q

Sodium Reabsorption: Proximal Tubule
As plasma concentration of sodium ______, sodium
concentration in proximal tubule ______ and sodium
reabsorption _______

A

As plasma concentration of sodium increases, sodium
concentration in proximal tubule increases and sodium
reabsorption increases

51
Q

Sodium Reabsorption: Proximal Tubule

A decrease in tubular flow rate will also increase

A

sodium reabsorption

52
Q

Sodium Reabsorption: Distal Tubule

Sodium reabsorption shows classic

A

tubular max transport

53
Q

Sodium Reabsorption: Distal Tubule
Capacity of Na-K ATPase does not exceed rate of _____
-Minimal back leak of ____ into tubular _____
-Tighter (less permeable tight junctions) ____ transport of much smaller amount of ____

A

Capacity of Na-K ATPase does not exceed rate of net sodium reabsorption

  • Minimal back leak of sodium into tubular lumen
  • Tighter (less permeable tight junctions) coupled transport of much smaller amount of sodium
54
Q

Sodium Reabsorption: Distal Tubule

Aldosterone increases the

A

Tmax level

55
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water

Driven by _______ created by movement of solute (mainly sodium) from ______ to the _______

A

Driven by osmotic differences created by movement of solute (mainly sodium) from tubular lumen to the tubular interstitial spaces

56
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water
Affected by cellular ______ (cell membranes and tight junctions)
-Increased permeability means increased _____ and decreased _______

A

Affected by cellular permeability (cell membranes and tight junctions)
-Increased permeability means increased reabsorption and decreased water excretion

57
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water

Permeability of proximal tubule

A

high

58
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water

Permeability of Loop of Henle (ascending loop):

A

low

59
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water

Permeability of Distal tubule / Collecting tubules / Collecting ducts

A

variable

60
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water: Proximal tubule

  • ____ movement so overall solute gradient across cell is ____
  • Solvent drag: water carries significant amount of (5) because of _____ permeability
A
  • Rapid movement so overall solute gradient across cell is minimal
  • Solvent drag: water carries significant amount of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium because of high permeability
61
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water: Loop of Henle (ascending loop):____ movement of water even though there is a large ________

A

Little movement of water even though there is a large osmotic gradient

62
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Water: Distal tubule / Collecting tubules / Collecting ducts:
Cellular permeability depends on presence of ______
-Permeability _____ related to ______
-Changing water permeability only affects amount of water reabsorbed not the amount of ____ due to ____ solute permeability

A

Cellular permeability depends on presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

  • Permeability directly related to [ADH]
  • Changing water permeability only affects amount of water reabsorbed not the amount of solute due to low solute permeability
63
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Chloride & Urea

Sodium diffusion into cells creates

A

electrical gradient that pulls negative chloride ions into the cell

64
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Chloride & Urea

Movement of water into cells concentrates

A

chloride creating concentration gradient into cell

65
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Chloride & Urea

Chloride also linked to co-transport mechanism with

A

sodium across the luminal membrane

66
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Chloride & Urea

Movement of water into cells concentrates urea creating

A

concentration gradient into cell

-but urea not nearly as permeable as water

67
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Chloride & Urea

Inner medullary collecting duct contains specific

A

passive urea transports which facilitates reabsorption

68
Q

Passive Reabsorption: Chloride & Urea

Only ___% of filtered urea is reabsorbed

A

50%

Physio Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions