Topic 1, Part 1 nature and extent to poverty Flashcards
What Is absolute poverty?
A person living in absolute poverty lacks the minimum necessities for survival.
What are basic needs
Food
Water
Shelter
Healthcare
education
What Is the social metrics commission 2017/2018 estimation on the amount of people living in poverty in the UK ?
14.8 million people
What did the Joseph Rowntree foundation report show?
Poverty hasn’t had much change in over 15 years, rose between 2013/2014 and 2016/17.
How many people are in poverty to the specific type of people in the UK?
14 million people
8 million working aged adults
4 million children
2 million pensioners
What did the Joseph Rowntree foundation find?
For children and pensioners poverty has risen the past 5 years.
Poverty rates high in London and north england
Lowest in the south, Scotland
In wook poverty risen due to not enough hours, pay or both
Around 56% of people in poverty are in a working family compared with 39% 20 years ago
Almost half of people in poverty live in a household with someone who is disabled.
What are the negatives of the definition of absolute poverty?
Poverty can be socially constructed and can change over time and place
Give an example of the negatives for absolute poverty for time and place
Time- AP used to be just food and water and shelter whereas now its clothing, devices. Evryting has now gone up in prices, you now need internet, and get certain jobs are available.
Place is healthcare where in America you have to ay but in the UK you don’t
What Is the dark figure of stats?
A phrase used by sociologists to criticise stats.
This is because it isn’t showing the full statistics since some people may be living in poverty but might have a stigma and don’t want other people around them or in society to know
Joseph Rowntree foundation 2020/2021 report on Corona virus.
The impact of COVID 19 on poverty is unclear due to the furlough cheme and temporary benefits. But likely to be a negative impact on mostly the vulnerable people such as part time or low paid workers, lone parents and ethnic minorities
What Is relative deprivation?
When a person is deprived (materially or in other ways) compared to others in society.
What did Townsend argue about relative deprivation?
He argued that people can be in poverty when they lack the resources to have a certain diet, and participate in activities tat are encouraged by society which may make them become excluded from ordinary living patters,customs or activities.
What did Townsend create?
a deprivation index which was a list of good and services that if people couldnt afford where considerd poor. examples are not hvaing a car, cant buy christmas gifts.
What did Guy Palmer (2011) argue (the Consensual Approach to Relative poverty)?
Definitons of poverty are not fixed.
The relative definition of poverty can be very flexible because it reflects the constant changing living standards of a specific society. And the cultural expectations of what Is luxury or not vary over time and between social groups such as CAGE’s.
Strengths of concepts of relative poverty
Recognises poverty is a social construct- defined by what the normal standards of living is in that society.
Recognises that the definitions of poverty changes over time in the same society
Links poverty to wider issues of social exclusion
Weaknesses of concepts of relative poverty
Not an indicator of poverty more of social inequality- relative poverty exists at every class level
Based on the values of experts not members of the public
Measure of absolute poverty is much more scientific and easy to measure
Townsend and social exclusion definition
Developed his ideas and moved away from stats concept of poverty and used social exclusion as measure of poverty.
It allowed poverty to be understood through interconnecting disadvantages e.g. bad health, disability and stress
What did lea and young argue that social exclusion can lead to?
Marginalisation or exclusion from participating in education,work, community life, accessing services.
What Is marginalisation?
When individuals or groups are relegated to a lower status or excluded from mainstream societal participation.
Wht are some factors that link together and why?
Homelessness and lack of job opportunities - need a fixed address, material deprivation
May have bad health, need access to internet.
Family breakdown and low educational achievement - distracted, mental health is bad, might not open up to people, not focused.
Mental health and missing out on promotions - may not work much or not work properly.
Why might you need to consider all 3 definitions?
Poverty differs everywhere you go so by using all it doesn’t exclude anyone.
Contempory links
Gas and electricity rising by 10% in england, Scotland and Wales on 1st october.
Annual dual-fuel bil paid by direct debit will be 1,717 pounds per year. Can link it AP since people don’t have that money to spend on bills since they can barely survive.
