Topic 1 - Nutrients

Question 1

What are the Macronutrients?

Answer 1

Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats

Question 2

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 2

Amino Acids

Question 3

Why are proteins important?

Answer 3

Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body so must come from the food we eat

Question 4

What are High Biological Value proteins?

Answer 4

Foods that contain ALL of the essential amino acids

Question 5

What are Low Biological Value proteins?

Answer 5

Proteins that lack the full amount (20) of amino acids, so must be paired using PROTEIN COMPLEMENTATION

Question 6

3 Functions of Protein in the Body

Answer 6

Growth
Repair
Provide Energy

Question 7

Body substances made from Proteins:

Answer 7

Hormones - growth and repair in body
Enzymes - break down food
Antibodies - fight off infection

Question 8

HBV Main Sources

Answer 8

Meat, poultry, soya beans, pulses, seeds, fish, dairy (cheese, yogurt etc), quinoa,

Question 9

LBV Main Sources

Answer 9

Lentils, beans, peas, cereals

Question 10

Examples of Protein Complementation

Answer 10

Beans on Toast
Rice and Bean Salad
Lentil Soup

Question 11

Effects of deficiency of protein

Answer 11

Lack of full development
Loss or hair
Unhealthy hair skin and nails
Kwashiorkor (extreme) - bloating belly and thin limbs

Question 12

Effects of excess protein

Answer 12

Too much nitrogen in the body = affects liver

Question 13

What is the composition of fats?

Answer 13

Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Question 14

What are the functions of FAT in the body?

Answer 14

To insulate
To provide energy
To give the body fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
To protect bones and vital organs

Question 15

4 types of Fat

Answer 15

Solid animal fats
Solid plant fats

Liquid animals fats oils
Liquid plant oils

Question 16

Deficiency of Fat in the body

Answer 16

Loss of weight
Lack of insulation
Bruising easily
Lack of vitamins A,D,E,K

Question 17

Effects of Excess Fat in the body / diet

Answer 17

Obesity

Question 18

Functions of Carbohydrates in the Body

Answer 18

To give the body energy

To help the body get rid of waste products

Question 19

What are the 2 main types of Carbohydrates in the diet?

Answer 19

Sugars

Complex Carbohydrates

Question 20

What are the main sources of Carbohydrates?

Answer 20

Starch
Pectin
Dextrin
Dietary fibre

Question 21

What are the effects of deficiencies of carbs in the diet?

Answer 21

Lack of Energy
Weight loss
Severe weakness

Question 22

What are the effects of excess carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Fat stored in the body

Tooth decay

Question 23

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 23

A D E K

Question 24

Main food sources of vitamin A

Answer 24

RETINOL

Dairy and leafy vegetables

Question 25

Functions of Vitamin A

Answer 25

Anti oxidant
Keeps skin healthy
Helps child growth

Question 26

Deficiency effects of Vitamin A

Answer 26

Improper growth
Weak eyesight
Skin and mucus membranes become weak

Question 27

Function of Vitamin D

Answer 27

Keep bones strong and healthy

Question 28

Deficiency effects of Vitamin D

Answer 28

Children : Rickets

Adults : Osteomalacia

Question 29

Sources of Vitamin D

Answer 29

Sunlight
Calcium
Dairy
Oily Fish

Question 30

Sources of Vitamin E

Answer 30

Oils
Nuts
Seeds
Plant foods

Question 31

Functions of Vitamin E

Answer 31

Anti oxidant

Question 32

Sources of Vitamin K

Answer 32

Liver
Cheese
Green Tea
Green leafy vegetables

Question 33

Function of Vitamin K

Answer 33

Enables the blood to clot

Question 34

Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer 34

B1
B2
B3
B9
B12

Question 35

Minerals

Answer 35

Iron
Sodium
Fluoride
Iodine
Phosphorus 
Water

Question 36

Function of Water in the body

Answer 36

Controls substances in blood
Keeps skin, hair and nails healthy
Removes waste products
Keeps body temperature normal