Topic 1 Movement and Force Flashcards

1
Q

what is 1-dimensional motion?

A

the movement of a particle/subject along an x-axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is 2-dimensional motion?

A

the movement of a particle/object along an x and y-axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define distance.

A

-the length the object has travelled in total.
-has magnitude only (is a scalar quantity)
-measured in meters (m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define displacement.

A

-the change in an object’s position from it’s origin.
-has magnitude and direction (is a vector quantity)
-the magnitude is measured in meters (m)
-symbol is Δx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is the magnitude of displacement represented?

A

the length measured along a straight line between the initial (xi) and final (xf) position of an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define elapsed time

A

-the time between the initial and final time.
-symbol is Δt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

initial position and final symbol

A

initial position= xi (i is subscript)
final position= xf (f is subscript)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

initial time and final time symbol

A

initial time= ti (i is subscript)
final position= tf (f is subscript)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

particle definition

A

an object that can be represented as a mass at a single point in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the particle model of motion

A

a model that describes the arrangement and movement of particles in a substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define speed

A

-the distance an object has covered relative to time
-is a scalar quantity
-(speed= distance/Δt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define instantaneous speed

A

the speed at any particular moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define velocity

A

-a vector quantity that describes how fast and in what direction an object is going.
-(velocity= change in position/change in time= Δx/Δt= xf-xi/tf-ti)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

characteristics of a position vs time graph

A

-time is on x-axis
-position is on y-axis
-continuous curve shows the object’s position at all instances in time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

characteristics of a velocity vs time graph

A

-time is on x-axis
-velocity is on y-axis
-position vs time graphs can be translated into this using Δx/Δt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

characteristics of acceleration vs time graph

A

-time is on x-axis
-acceleration is on y-axis
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how can the velocity of an object be changed

A

-by changing it’s speed
-by changing it’s direction
-by changing it’s speed and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define acceleration

A

-how much an object’s velocity changes in a given amount of time.
-acceleration (a)=Δv/Δt=vf-vi/tf-ti

19
Q

what is this object’s direction and velocity?

A

the object is moving right (vx>0) and speeding up

20
Q

what is this object’s direction and velocity? (velocity vs time graph)

A

the object is moving right (vx>0) and slowing down

21
Q

what is this object’s direction and velocity? (velocity vs time graph)

A

the object is moving left (vx<0) and speeding up

22
Q

what is this object’s direction and velocity? (velocity vs time graph)

A

the object is moving left (vx<0) and slowing down

23
Q

define newton’s first law of of motion/law of inertia

A

-with no outside forces a stationary object will never move, and a moving object will never stop.

24
Q

define inertia

A

resistance to changes in velocity

25
define a force
-a force is a specific action acting on an object (push/pull). -force doesn't exist in isolation from the object it acts on. -a force is a vector quantity (direction and magnitude)
26
what is a contact force?
-contact forces act on an object by directly coming into contact with it. -the force lasts as long as the agent and object are in contact. (e.g. tension force, friction, spring force)
27
what is a long-range force/non-contact force
-act on an object without physical contact (e.g. magnetic force, weight force, electrical force)
28
what is weight force
-the gravitational pull on an object -agent= entire earth pulling on an object. -the weight vector is always vertically downward. -symbol= w
29
what is spring force/elastic force
-a spring can push when compressed or pull when stretched -symbol=F/Fsp (sp is subscript)
30
what is tension force
-occurs when a string/rope/wire pulls on an object. -the tension force can only pull in the direction of the string/rope/wire -symbol= T
31
what is normal force
-the force exerted by a surface (the agent) against an object pressing against the surface. -the surface exerts a force perpendicular to itself.
32
what is friction
-a type of force -like normal force, the agent is the surface, but friction is parallel to the surface. -there are two kinds of friction, static friction and kinetic friction.
33
what is static friction
-a sub-type of friction and type of force -the force that keeps an object stuck on a surface. -the force points in the direction opposite to where the object would move if there was no friction -symbol= fs (s as subscript)
34
what is kinetic friction
-a sub-type of friction and type of force -acts as an object slides against a surface -it opposes the motion and the force points in the direction opposite to the motion of the object. -symbol= fk (k as subscript)
35
what is drag
-a type of force -opposes motion through fluids (gases and liquids) -drag points in the opposite direction of motion -symbol= D
36
what is electrical force
-most objects are electrically neutral/have no net electrical charge -when an object has a net electrical charge, there will be a force between the charged object and other objects -electrical forces can be attractive or repulsive depending on the type of electrical charge.
37
list the types of forces
-weight force -spring force/elastic force -tension force -normal force -friction (kinetic and static) -drag -electrical force
38
mass-force relationship
-objects with more mass require more force to change velocity than lighter objects. the inertia of an object is gratified by it's mass.
39
what is mass
-mass is a property of objects -mass is a scalar quantity (magnitude) and can never be 0 -units are measured in (kg) -an object's mass doesn't change according to location (mass of an object is the same on earth as it is on mars) -mass≠weight
40
what is Newton's second law of motion
-the sum of all forces on an object is proportional to the mass of the object and the force exerted on it. -the sum of all forces=mass x acceleration (ΣF=m x a)
41
what is the sum of all forces
-all forces being applied on an object. -symbol= ΣF -AKA net force/resultant force -m=(kg), a= (m/s*2) so ΣF=(kg x m/s*2)
42
what is the newton
-the newton is the SI unit of force. -1N= (1kg x m/s*2)
43
what does it mean if ΣF= 0?
-acceleration =0 -there is no increase/decrease in velocity or change in direction
44
what does it mean if ΣF≠ 0?
-acceleration >0 -there is an increase/decrease in velocity or change in direction.