Topic 1: Molecular Representation, Structure and Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Name alkyl groups with 1-10 Cs + hydrocarbon prefix

A

Methyl (meth)
Ethyl (eth)
Propyl (prop)
Butyl (but)
Pentyl (pent)
Hexyl (hex)
Heptyl (hept)
Octyl (oct)
Nonyl (non)
Decyl (dec)

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2
Q

Stereochemistry

A

Spatial arrangement of atoms

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3
Q

VSEPR theory

A

Electron-electron repulsion determines shape of molecules due to repulsion and attraction to opposite charges

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4
Q

Racemate

A

A 50:50 mixture of the enantiomers of a chiral molecule

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5
Q

Kekulé structure of Benzene + why is it prefered?

A

3 single bonds, 3 double bonds
Mechanistic purposes
Aromatic rings often drawn as resonance forms

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6
Q

Draw diisopropylethylamine

A
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7
Q

Draw isopropanol

A
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8
Q

Structure of THF

A
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9
Q

Draw iso-butyl (i-Bu), sec-butyl (s-Bu), tert-butyl (t-Bu)

A
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10
Q

Amides, Esters, Acid chlorides, Anhydrides are…
Draw the general structure of each

A

…carboxylic acid derivatives

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11
Q

Ether general structure

A
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12
Q

Amine general structure

A
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13
Q

Thiol general structure

A
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14
Q

Alkyl halide general structure

A
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15
Q

Alkoxy general structure

A

RO

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16
Q

Ortho

A

1,2-disubstituted

17
Q

Meta

A

1,3-disubstituted

18
Q

Para

A

1,4-disubstituted

19
Q

Acetone structure

A

Propan-2-one

20
Q

Acetic acid structure

A

Ethanoic acid

21
Q

Toluene structure

A

Methylbenzene

22
Q

Phenol structure

A

Hydroxybenzene

23
Q

Total number of nodes =

A

n-1
Where n = principle quantum number

24
Q

Number of nodal planes =

A

I = orbital angular momentum
Ranges from 0 to n-1 where n = principle quantum number
In valence shell of C, n=2 and I has values of 0 and 1, 0=s, 1=p

25
Number of radial nodes =
n - I - 1
26
AOs can combine … or … to form … or …
Destructively (out-of-phase combination) Constructively (in-phase combination) Anti-bonding MO with nodal plane Bonding MO
27
Are bonding and anti-bonding orbitals higher or lower in energy than the AOs? Where is electrons density in each
Bonding - lower, shared between nuclei Anti-bonding - higher, anywhere except between nuclei
28
MOs form by overlap between different types of AOs if …
The orbitals have complementary symmetry
29
Sigma bonds are
Symmetrical about the axis linking the 2 nuclei
30
Pi bonds are
Formed from side-on overlap of 2 p orbitals MOs not symmetrical about nuclear axis
31
3 factors in forming stronger MOs
Orbital having good symmetry Orbital alignment (end on fashion in p orbitals) Similar sized orbitals
32
What are bonds ?
Filled molecular orbitals forms from overlap of AOs
33
Hund’s rule
Every orbital in a sub shell is singly filled with 1 electron before any orbital is doubly filled. All electrons in singly occupied orbitals have same spin
34
Is sp2 or sp3 hybridised orbital higher in energy What does this mean
sp3 sp2 has more s character so more stable