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CHM107 > Topic 1: Module 1- Introduction To Organic Chemistry Part 2 > Flashcards

Topic 1: Module 1- Introduction To Organic Chemistry Part 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the way to IUPAC name Alkyl and Aryl halides?

A

Abbreviate the halogen and add “o” to the end

chlorine becomes chloro.

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1
Q

What are Alkyl and Aryl halides?

A

A Halogen bonded to the carbon chain

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2
Q

What do Alkyl and Aryl halides do to a carbon chain?

A

Halogens form a polar bond with carbon, increasing reactivity of the molecule.

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3
Q

What is the difference between Benzyl and Phenyl?

A

Benzyl has the benzine ring and a CH2 group. Phenyl has no CH2 group.

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4
Q

Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Saturated

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5
Q

What is the formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

What is the IUPAC suffix for Alkanes?

A

-ane

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7
Q

What is the chemical formula for Methane based on your knowledge of IUPAC names?

A

CH4

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8
Q

How do we name side chains by IUPAC?

A

Carbon number prefix, -yl suffix.

Eg a side chain of Ch3 is Methyl. A side chain of C8H18 is Octyl.

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9
Q

How do we know the position of a side group in a compound from it’s IUPAC name?

A

Carbon chains are numbered. The name will have numbers, which is the carbon number in the chain the side group is attached to. Eg 4-methyloctane is a chain of 8 carbons with a single carbon side group attached to the 4th carbon in the chain of 8.

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10
Q

If more than one side group of the same kind occur, how do we name it?

A

The number prefix.
Eg a compound that has 8 carbons in it’s chain, and 4 side groups of CH3 (positioned 1,3,5,7) is named 1,3,5,7-butyloctane

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11
Q

How do we figure out which side group goes first in the name?

A

Alphabetical order.

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12
Q

How do we number a carbon chain or ring? How do we know which carbon to start numbering from?

A

In chains, start from the left or right, depending on which side gives the side groups the lowest number for their name.
For rings, number from the first carbon that is closest or attached to the side group with the first letter earliest in the alphabet.

Eg a side group of chlorine is earlier in the alphabet than methyl, so naming a structure with a 6 carbon ring, a chlorine side group and a methyl side group opposite it. The name of the compound will be 1-chloro-6-methylcyclohexane

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13
Q

Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Unsaturated

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14
Q

What is the formula for cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

What is a cycloalkane?

A

Tetrahedral arrangement around the C atom. Rings aren’t flat (except cyclopropane) they are arranged in such a way that they are bent or distorted looking. The bonds between carbons aren’t at 180degrees.

16
Q

What is cyclohexane conformation?

A

Different shapes the molecule can take on, with varying stability eg the chair shape is more stable than the boat shape.

17
Q

How do you name a cycloalkane compound using IUPAC?

A

Add cyclo- before the typical carbon number prefix and ane suffix.

Eg ring of 5C is cyclopentane.

18
Q

Is an Alkene a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

Unsaturated

19
Q

What is the formula for Alkenes?

A

CnH2n

20
Q

What two bond types do Alkenes contain?

A

A sigma bond and a pi bond

21
Q

How do you IUPAC name an Alkene?

A

Ends in “ene” and longest carbon chain that CONTAINS the carbon double bond, numbered so the carbon double bond has the lowest number.

Eg chain of 4 with carbon double bond between carbons 1 and 2 is called But-1-ene.

22
Q

What shape is an Alkene?

A

Chain containing at least one carbon double bond.

23
Q

Are Cycloalkenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Unsaturated

24
Q

What are the formulas for cycloalkenes?

A

CnH2n-2
CnH2n-4 for dienes
CnH2n-6 for trienes

25
Q

What is the formula for Alkynes?

A

(CnH2n-2)

26
Q

What bonds are in Alkynes?

A

1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds between carbon atoms

27
Q

How do you IUPAC name an Alkyne?

A

Ends in yne and contains 1 triple bond. Same naming rules as for alkenes, longest carbon chain containing triple bond, triple bond at lowest no.

28
Q

What bonds do Arenes contain?

A

3 carbon carbon double bonds with delocalised electrons.

2 resonance structures

29
Q

Are Arenes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Unsaturated

30
Q

What is the main example of an Arene compound?

A

Benzine ring

31
Q

What’s special about Aurene structures?

A

Carbons only have 3 bonds, not 4. Delocalised electrons from carbon’s lack of 4th bond float in electron clouds around rings, creating conductivity and fluid movement between the sheets of structure

32
Q

A benzine rings flat or shaped?

A

Flat.

33
Q

Do benzine rings undergo substitution or adition?

A

Substitution.

CHM107 (2 decks)

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