Topic 1: Milieu Interieur. Compartments, Changes of Water Compartments

Question 1

What should be mentioned in this topic?

Answer 1

Milieu Interieur
Homeostasis
Compartments, Changes of Water Compartments
Transport process through the membranes
Intracellular Compartment

Question 2

Milieu Interieur:

Answer 2

Cells of the living organism can only work in constant environment. This environment is called the “milieu interieur”, coined by Claude Bernard.
The living organism does not live in an outer environment but in its own fluid environment.

Question 3

Homeostasis:

Answer 3

It is the maintenance of a constant internal environment. This maintenance is important in both unicellular and multicellular components of the organism.

Question 4

Isovolemia:
Isotonia:
Isoionia:
Isohydria:

Answer 4

Isovolemia: Constant volume
Isotonia: Constant osmotic pressure
Isoionia: Constant ion composition
Isohydria: Constant pH

Question 5

Water

Answer 5

Water is the most important component in the body. It acts as a solvent, medium for reactions, a source of osmotic forces and maintains compartment and form.

Question 6

Compartments, Changes of Water Compartments

Answer 6

The body is divided into anatomical spaces and compartments. They are separated by barriers:

• Cell Membrane
  
  • Permeable for water without restriction
  • Selective for every other substance
• Capillary Wall
  
  • Retains colloids
  • Permeable for all other substances

Question 7

Transport process through the membranes:

Answer 7

Part of the membrane determining transport:
- Lipid double layer
- Complex proteins
   -Receptors
   -Enzymes
   -Carriers
   -Channels
Types of Transport
- Passive Transport
   -Simple Diffusion
   -Facilitated Diffusion 
- Active Transport
   -From direct energy source 
   -From indirect energy source

Question 8

Total body water:

Answer 8

Extracellular Compartment (EC 33%) and Intracellular Compartment (IC 66%)

Question 9

EC:

Answer 9

The EC is divided into subcompartments:

• Intravascular
• Interstitial
• Transcellular
  
  • Separated from the other compartments of the body by epthelial cell layers  Synovial fluid
    
    • Aqueous humour
    • Glandular discharges
    • Content of the urinary bladder
    • Gastrointestinal tract
    • (Rumen)

Question 10

Intravascular compartment:

Answer 10

Plasma water: 45/bwkg

Blood cells: 35 ml/bwkg

Question 11

Interstitium:

Answer 11

About 250/bwkg
Soft tissues: 120-250 ml/bwkg
Fibrous connective tissue: 45 ml/bwkg
Bone tissue: 45 ml/bwkg

Question 12

Intracellular Compartment:

Answer 12

The intracellular compartment is considered to be uniform. In spite of the fact that it consists of a great number of small compartments