Topic 1 (living Things) Flashcards
Organization of living things
Atom—>molecule/compound—>organelle—>cell-tissue—>organ—>organ system—>organism
What are cells
Cells are the smallest units of live
What are organelles to cells
Organelles are structures inside of cell
What does nucleus contain
It contains DNA(genetic information) that control the production of proteins
What is the function of the nucleus?
to control the cell and store genetic information
What does ribosomes do?
Ribosomes read the message that is sent from the DNA and places the AA in the correct order to form a protein.
What is cell membrane
Controls what goes in (nutrients and 02 )or out (COz and wastes) of the cell.
What is Selectively permeable
only certain substances can pass through the membrane.
What is the receptor molecules
On the cell membrane the shape determines what substances it can attach to and bring into the cell
What is the job of the mitochondria
Mitochondria is the site for cellular aerobic respiration
What does vacuoles do?
Stores food (food vacuoles) or wastes
What is cytoplasm
fluid (mostly water) where many chemical reactions take place
What is chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
What is super large vacuole
known as a CENTRAL VACUOLE –> Stores water and sugar
What are the THREE differences between animal cells and plant cells?
PLANT CELLS HAVE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES THAT AN ANIMAL CELL DOES NOT:
1) plant cell has two outer layers. The layer inside is the CELL MEMBRANE. Layer outside of the cell membrane is the CELL WALL. see picture: https://images.nagwa.com/figures/explainers/573184167273/1.svg
***** an animal cell only has a CELL MEMBRANE.
2) plant cells have CHLOROPLAST (which carries out photosynthesis); animal cells DO NOT HAVE CHLOROPLAST (because they do not carry out photosynthesis!)
3) plant cells have a large CENTRAL VACUOLE that usually stores excess water. Animal cells have vacuoles but usually do not have a large central one. see picture: https://www.sciencefacts.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Vacuole.jpg
Plant cell picture: https://highmarksinschool.com/samples/le-sample1_files/image002.jpg
MEMORIZE THE SHAPE AND LOCATIONS OF EACH ORGANELLE
https://highmarksinschool.com/samples/le-sample1_files/image002.jpg
Animal cell picture: https://highmarksinschool.com/samples/le-sample1_files/image004.jpg
MEMORIZE THE SHAPE AND LOCATIONS OF EACH ORGANELLE
https://highmarksinschool.com/samples/le-sample1_files/image004.jpg
What is active transport
When molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration energy is required.
What is excretion
To get rid of toxic waste products from celluar processes.
What is diffusion
Molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration with no energy required
What is osmosis
is the diffusion of water
What is Nutrition
nutrients are needed for energy (ATP), repair and growth.
What is Autotrophic Organisms give some examples
take in inorganic molecules (COz and H20) to from complex organic compounds (like glucose C6 H1z 06) Ex.) Plants/Producers do photosynthesis
Heterotrophic Organisms-
cannot make their own food and rely on other organisms for food
