Topic 1 - Key Consepts Of Biolagy - Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Cell Functions Flashcards
What are the two types of cells that all living things are made of?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What type of cells are animal and plant cells?
Eukaryotic
List three structures found in eukaryotic cells.
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus containing DNA
What type of cells are bacterial cells?
Prokaryotic
Name two structures found in prokaryotic cells.
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
What is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells’ DNA?
Single circular strand of DNA and plasmids
What are organelles?
Structures in a cell that have different functions
What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Contains DNA coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction
What is the role of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Where do aerobic respiration reactions occur in a cell?
Mitochondria
Where does protein synthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?
On ribosomes found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Fill in the blank: The cytoplasm contains _______.
[enzymes and organelles]
True or False: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
True
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Photosynthesis, providing food for the plant
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll pigment, which makes them green and harvests light needed for photosynthesis.
What pigment is found in chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color and is essential for photosynthesis.
What is contained within the permanent vacuole of a plant cell?
Cell sap
The permanent vacuole helps improve the cell’s rigidity.
What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?
Cellulose
The cell wall provides strength to the cell.
What type of cells are bacterial cells classified as?
Prokaryotic
Bacterial cells do not share as many similarities in organelles with animal and plant cells.
What is the structure of chromosomal DNA in bacterial cells?
Circular
Chromosomal DNA floats in the cytoplasm since bacterial cells lack a nucleus.
What are plasmids in bacterial cells?
Small rings of DNA
Plasmids code for extra genes beyond those provided by chromosomal DNA.
What is the function of flagella in bacterial cells?
Movement
Flagella are long, thin ‘whip-like’ tails attached to bacteria that allow them to move.
What compounds make up the bacterial cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
This differs from the cellulose found in plant cell walls.
Fill in the blank: The cell wall in plant cells provides _______.
Strength
True or False: Animal cells contain chloroplasts.
False
Only plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
List three main structures found in bacterial cells.
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
