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chemistry: key terms and concepts > topic 1: key concepts in chemisty > Flashcards

topic 1: key concepts in chemisty Flashcards

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1
Q

anion

A

a negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains at least one electron

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2
Q

atom

A

the smallest part of an element that can exist. all substances are made up of atoms.

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3
Q

atomic nucleus

A

positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it

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4
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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5
Q

avogrados constant

A

the number of atoms, molecules, or ions in a mole of a given substance s

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6
Q

cation

A

a positively charged ion. formed when an atom loses at least one electron

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7
Q

compound

A

a substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together

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8
Q

concentration

A

the amount of substance (eg. the mass) in a certain volume of solution

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9
Q

conductor

A

a material that contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy

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10
Q

conservation of mass

A

a law which states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants

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11
Q

conductor

A

a material that contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy

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12
Q

covalent bonds

A

a shared pair of electrons between two non metals

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13
Q

dalton model

A

dalton described atoms as solid spheres, stating that different spheres made up the different elements

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14
Q

diamond

A

a giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms

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15
Q

electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. very small relative mass. (negligible).

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16
Q

electron shell

A

different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons

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17
Q

electrostatic forces

A

the strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

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18
Q

element

A

a substance made up of only one type of atom

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19
Q

empirical formula

A

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

20
Q

fullerenes

A

molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. the structures are based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms.

21
Q

giant covalent molecule

A

molecules containing many atoms covalently bonded together

22
Q

graphene

A

a single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electrons and composites

23
Q

graphite

A

a giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms, each of which form three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms. the atoms form layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between them. there is one delocalised electron per carbon atom which is free to move to carry charge.

24
Q

group

A

a column of the periodic table. elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

25
Q

intermolecular forces

A

the forces that exist between molecules. the strength of the intermolecular forces impact physical properties like boiling/melting point

26
Q

ion

A

an atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

27
Q

ionic bond

A

the bond formed between the oppositely charged ions when a metal atom loses electron(s) to form a positively charged ion and a non-metal gains these electron(s) to form a negatively charged ion.

28
Q

ionic compound

A

chemical compound formed of oppositely charged ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces

29
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

30
Q

lattice

A

a repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules. this arrangement occurs in crystal structures.

31
Q

limiting reactant

A

the reactant that is completely used up since it limits the amount of products formed

32
Q

mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

33
Q

metallic bond

A

the bonds present in metals between the positive metal ions and negatively charged electrons

34
Q

metals

A

elements that react to form positive ions. found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.

35
Q

mole

A

the unit amount of substance. the symbol for the unit mole is mol

36
Q

molecular forula

A

the actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

37
Q

molecule

A

a group of at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds

38
Q

neutron

A

neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. relative mass of 1.

39
Q

non-metals

A

elements that react to form negative ions. found towards the right and top of the periodic table

40
Q

period

A

a row of the periodic table. elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

41
Q

periodic table

A

table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number and such that elements with similar properties are in the same column (group)

42
Q

polymers

A

large long chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds

43
Q

proton

A

positively charged subatomic particle present int he nucleus of the atom. relative mass of 1.

44
Q

relative atomic mass

A

an average value that take into account the abundances of the isotopes of the element

45
Q

relative formula mass

A

the sum of the relative atomic masses of the toms in the numbers shown in the formula. it is numerically equal to the mass of one mole of a substance in gram.s

46
Q

simple molecules

A

molecules containing a fixed number of atoms covalently bonded together

47
Q

subatomic particles

A

particles smaller than an atom. protons, neutrons and electrons are the three most common subatomic particles.

chemistry: key terms and concepts (9 decks)

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