Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology (UNFINISHED) Flashcards

1
Q

State two types of cell

A

Eukaryotic (plant and animal) and prokaryotic

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2
Q

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells don’t.

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3
Q

Components found in both plant and animal cells

A

Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

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4
Q

How is genetic information stored in a eukaryotic cell?

A

Within the nucleus, arranged in chromosomes

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5
Q

What are 2 functions of the nucleus

A

Storing genetic information and controlling cellular activities

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6
Q

Structure of the cytoplasm

A

Fluid component of the cell.
Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients

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7
Q

Function of the cytoplasm

A

Site of reactions in the cell e.g first stage of respiration

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8
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Controls the exit and entry of materials in and out of the cell

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9
Q

Function of the mitochondria

A

Site of later stages of respiration in which ATP is produced

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10
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Joins amino acids in a specific order during translation

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11
Q

Organelles found in plant cells only

A

Large, permanent vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplasts

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12
Q

What’s the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

Function of the cell wall

A

Provides strength
Prevents the cell bursting when water enters the cell by osmosis

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14
Q

What does the permanent vacuole contain

A

A solution of salts, sugars and organic acids

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15
Q

Function of the permanent vacuole

A

Supports the cell, maintaining its turgidity

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16
Q

Function of the chloroplasts

A

Site of photosynthesis

17
Q

Why do chloroplasts appear green under a light microscope

A

Contain chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

18
Q

Organelles found in prokaryotic cells

A

Chromosomal DNA
Plasmid DNA
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Flagella

19
Q

How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell

A

Found free within the cytoplasm as:
Chromosomal DNA (large loop of circular DNA)
Plasmid DNA

20
Q

What are plasmids

A

Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA.

Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g antibiotic resistance

21
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell wall made of

Pepsi

A

Peptidoglycan

22
Q

What is a flagellum?

A

Long, rotating, ‘whip-like’ protrusion.

It allows bacteria to move

23
Q

What is a haploid cell

A

A cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome (half the number of chromosomes) e.g 23 in humans

24
Q

What is a diploid cell

A

A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome (full set of chromosomes) e.g 46 in humans

25
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells (e.g sperm and egg cells). They are haploid.
26
Sexual reproduction in terms of chromosome number
Two haploid gametes fuse. embryo has two chromosomes for each gene and two copies of each allele. Therefore, it’s diploid.
27