Topic 1- Key concepts in biology

Question 1

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Cells which have a nucleus enclosed within membranes

Question 2

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

A cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle

Question 3

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 3

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 4

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 4

A gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen (contains enzymes that control chemical reactions)

Question 5

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 5

Hold the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 6

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 6

These are where most of the reactions for respiration occur- respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work

Question 7

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 7

Involved in the translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins

Question 8

What’s the function of a cell wall?

Answer 8

Ade of cellulose which supports and strengthens the cell

Question 9

What’s the function of vacuole?

Answer 9

Contains cell sap and maintains the internal pressure to support the cell

Question 10

What’s the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll

Question 11

What zu cellular structures does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t?

Answer 11

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 12

What’s chromosomal DNA and what cell has it?

Answer 12

Bacteria cells

Chromosomal DNA is one long chromosome which floats free in the cytoplasm

Question 13

What is plasmid DNA and which cell has it?

Answer 13

Bacteria cell
Plasmid DNA are small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmids contains genes for drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria

Question 14

What’s a specialised cell?

Answer 14

Cells that have a structure which makes them adapt to their function

Question 15

How is an egg cell specialised?

Answer 15

• Contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo
• It has a haploid nucleus(carries the female DNA)
• After fertilisation, the membrane structure changes to prevent more sperm getting in which makes sure offspring end up with the correct amount of DNA

Question 16

How is a sperm cell specialised?

Answer 16

• Long flagellum to help it move
• Lots of mitochondria to provide energy from respiration needed to swim the distance
• Haploid nucleus(contains male DNA)
• Has an across each at front of ‘head’ where it stores enzymes needed to digest its way through the membrane of the egg