Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic one
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not
What is the function of the nucleus
Stores the cell’s hereditary material and coordinates the cell’s activities
What is the function of the cell membrane
Is a double layer of lipids and proteins which is selectively permeable which means it controls what enters and exits the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria
Main function is to perform cellular respiration. Takes in nutrients from the cell, breaks it down and turns it into energy
What is the function of ribosomes
Ribosomes are a cell structure that makes protein. Protein is need for function such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes
What is the function of the cell wall
Is the protective, semi-permeable outer layer of a plant cell. Gives the cell strength and structure and to filter molecules passing in and out
What is the function of chloroplasts
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide to produce food for the plant
What is the function of the vacuole
Three main functions:
- To provide the plant with support or rigidity
- A storage area for nutrients and waste matter
- Can decompose complex molecules
What is the function of chromosomal DNA
Found loose in the cytoplasm. Contains the prokaryote’s chromosomes and is confined to the cell it began in
What is the function of plasmid DNA
Small closed-circles of DNA that can move from one bacterium to another providing variation
What is the function of the flagella
These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium
What organelles are inside an animal cell
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Cell Membrane
- Sometimes a vacuole but not as big as a plant cell’s
What organelles are inside a plant cell
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- Cell membrane
- Chloroplast
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
What organelles and structures are found inside a bacterium
- Chromosomal DNA
- Plasmid DNA
- Flagellum
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
In which ways is a sperm cell specialised
Acrosome-Enzymes at the tip to break down the egg
Haploid Nucleus-Contains the genetic material required for fertilisation
Middle piece-Is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed
Tail-Enables the sperm to swim to the egg
In which ways is the egg cells specialised
Nutrients in the cytoplasm to encourage the growth of early embryo
Haploid Nucleus-Contains genetic material for fertilisation
Cell membrane-Hardens after on sperm is through to prevent more
How are ciliated epithelial cells specialised
Cilia(brush-like structures)on the surface beat to move fluids and particles up the trachea. Sometimes mucus will capture smaller particles and the cilia will beat the mucus created by goblet cells
Capabilities of a light microscope?
Used to study living cells and for regular use when relatively low magnification and resolution are enough
Uses of electron microscope?
Provide higher magnification and higher resolution images but cannot be used to view living cells
Formula to calculate the magnification of an image
MAGNIFICATION=
Size of image
—————————
Real size of object
How many metres in one millimetre
0.001m in 1mm
How many metres in one micrometer
0.000001 micrometers in 1 metre
What are enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions through the use of an active site that a specific substrate can bind to
