Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
What does resolution mean?
What does it mean if the resolution of an image is higher?
The ability a microscope has to distinguish two objects (that are close together) as separate objects and see detail.
A higher resolution means that the image can be seen more clearly and in more detail.
What are all living things made out of?
Cells
What groups can cells be classed into?
Prokaryotic cells or Eukaryotic cells
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all plant and animal cells. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles e.g. nucleus.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells (e.g. bacteria). Prokaryotic cells don’t have any membrane bound organelles.
What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells.
What are prokaryotes?
A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (they are single-celled).
What are the different parts of a cell called?
Subcellular structures
What are the subcellular structures in animals cells?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes,
What are the subcellular structures in plant cells?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cell wall, Large vacuole, Chloroplasts,
What does a nucleus contain?
A nucleus contains genetic material arranged into chromosomes. The genetic material controls the activities of the cell.
What is the cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
What does the cytoplasm contain?
Enzymes that control the chemical reactions taking place in it.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To hold the cell together and control what goes in and out.
What happens in mitochondria?
Most of the reactions for respiration take place in the mitochondria. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are involved in the translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins (they are where proteins synthesise)
What is the function of the cell wall?
To support the cell and strengthen it.
What is the cell wall made out of?
Cellulose
What does the large vacuole contain?
Cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts.
What is the function of the vacuole?
To maintain the internal pressure to support the cell.
What are chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis happens which makes food for the plant.
What do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll
What subcellular structures do bacterial cells contain?
Chromosomal DNA, Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Plasmid DNA, Flagellum (plural flagella)
What is the chromosomal DNA in a bacterial cell?
One long circular chromosome.