Topic 1 - Issues in Mental Health Flashcards
Demonic Possessions
-Explanation of madness was evil spirits
-Taken possession of an individual
-Controls behaviour
-Skulls were chipped with stone instruments as a way for evil spirits to leave the individual
Possessed by what?
Ancestors
Animals
Gods
Heros
Victims
Humourism
Hippocrates theory of the 4 humours:
Blood, Phlegm, Yellow bile and Black bile
Reason for mental health
Imbalance produced disorders
Imbalances made disorders such as…
-Sluggish and dull= Too much Phlegm
-Melancholia= Too much Black Bile
- Irritability=Too much yellow bile
-Anxiousness= Too much blood
Annimalism
Insane should be treated like animals
-Patients chained to walls or kept on long leashes
- Section for lunatics
-Scalps shaved/ blistered/ bled point of Syncope
-Not considered unusual or improper
Moral Treatment
-Phillipe Pinel from France chief physician at an asylum
-Chains from patients to be removed/ to allow exercise and get some air
-When approved he was allowed to change conditions of hospitals
Moral Treatment;
What was removed?
Bloodletting, purging and Physical abuse
Rosenhan and Seligman:
Explored four ways of defining abnormality
Rosenhan and Seligman:
First way
Statistical infrequency:
-Any behaviour shown less often or more in a society
Problem with Statistical infrequency?
Behaviour and skills may be rare but not considered abnormal
Rosenhan and Seligman:
Second way
Failure to function adequately:
If a person is unable to live a normal life
Problem with failure to function?
People may not acquire a job because of their education or may not want a relationship
Rosenhan and Seligman:
Third way
Deviation from Social norms:
A person who doesn’t abide by acceptable neural behaviours enforced by laws, guidelines or societal pressure
Problems with Deviation from social norms?
Cultures vary in that things are seen as normal and what counts as normal also changes overtime
People may act differently due to choices than mental health
Rosenhan and Seligman:
Fourth way
Deviation from ideal mental health
Problem with Deviation from mental health?
Someone may be happy but not always act independently.
May be difficult to deal with stressful situations
Categorising Mental disorders?
Dsm-5
-Two classification systems used to categorise dysfunctional behaviour
-ICD and DSM
- ICD is developed by the world health organisation
-DSM developed by American
-New system contains 300 disorders
-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual is the fifth version
DSM-5 categories dysfunctional behaviour in several noteworthy ways:
-Chronologically-lifespan order
-Neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, ASD= first
Neurocognitive disorders: Alzheimer’s = end
- Dysfunctional orders into 22 categories
More on DSM-5
Each disorder there are details for:
-Diagnostic criteria=specifies how many of which symptoms
-Gender related diagnostic issues-no gender differences
-Culture related diagnostic issues
