Topic 1: Introduction to Intelligent Systems Flashcards
What are the four approaches to defining Artificial Intelligence?
Acting humanly, Thinking humanly, Thinking rationally, and Acting rationally.
What is the Turing Test designed to evaluate?
Whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human.
Define a rational agent in the context of AI.
An entity whose actions are based on perceived information to achieve its goals optimally.
What are the key components of a rational agent?
Sensors, actuators, a performance evaluation function, and a program architecture.
Who proposed the concept of Hebbian learning, and when?
Donald Hebb, in 1949.
What is the significance of the Dartmouth Workshop (1956) in AI?
It is considered the founding event of AI as a field.
What caused the “AI Winter” in the 1970s?
Overconfidence in AI capabilities, computational limitations, and the Lighthill report’s criticisms.
What algorithm led to the resurgence of neural networks in the 1980s?
The backpropagation algorithm.
What are examples of AI applications in the era of big data and deep learning?
Machine translation, medical diagnosis, and game playing.
Define an intelligent agent.
An entity that selects the right actions based on its perception to optimize performance toward a goal.
What are the four elements of PEAS in task environment specification?
Performance Evaluation, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors.
What is the difference between a rule-based agent and a model-based agent?
A rule-based agent acts on current percepts only, while a model-based agent maintains internal states based on percept history.
