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Chemistry > Topic 1: Introduction to chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 1: Introduction to chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of substance

A

A means of counting atoms - Units: moles

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2
Q

Atom

A

What all elements and compounds are made up of . - includes protons, neutrons and electrons

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3
Q

Avogadro constant

A

The number of atoms per mole of carbon-12 - 6.02 x 10^23 mol-1

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4
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of two or more separate elements

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5
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei of the bonded atoms

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6
Q

Dative covalent bond

A

Bonding where both electrons come from one atom

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7
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with a negative charge

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8
Q

Electron configuration

A

The number of electrons a atom or ion has and how they are arranged

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9
Q

Element

A

Substance consisting of atoms, which are the simplest they can be

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10
Q

Empirical formula

A

shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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11
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove 1 mole from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms of an element and forms 1 mole of gaseous ions

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12
Q

Giant Covalent

A

A huge network of covalently bonded atoms

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13
Q

Giant ionic lattice

A

Regular arrangement of anions and cations

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14
Q

Metallic bond

A

Electrostatic attraction between the electrons and positive ions

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15
Q

Half equation

A

Chemical equation used to describe an oxidation or reduction half-reaction

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16
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to less or gain of one or more electron

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17
Q

Ionic bonding

A

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

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18
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

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19
Q

Isotopic abundance

A

A measure of how much an isotope of a chemical appears on average

20
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

21
Q

Molar Mass

A

The mass per mol of a substance in g mol-1

22
Q

Mole

A

The amount of any substance containing as many elementary particles as there are carbon atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 particles

23
Q

Molecular formula

A

Shows the number and the type of atoms present of each element present in a compound

24
Q

Molecular ion

A

Formed by gaining or losing of elemental ions such as a proton

25
Q

Molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that takes part in a chemical reaction

26
Q

Monoatomic ion

A

Formed by the gain or loss of electrons to the valence shell (outer) in a single atom

27
Q

Nucleus

A

Positively charged core of an atom containing protons and neutrons

28
Q

Oxidation

A

A loss of electron

29
Q

Oxidation numbers

A

A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with an atom of another element. Derived from a set of rules known as an element oxidation state

30
Q

Orbital

A

A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spin

31
Q

S-orbital

A

Spherical shape

32
Q

P-orbital

A

Dumbbell shape

33
Q

Proton

A

Subatomic particle with a positive electric charge

34
Q

Redox

A

A reaction involving reduction and oxidation

35
Q

Anhydrous

A

Contains no waters of crystallisation

36
Q

Reduction

A

A gain of electron

37
Q

Relative atomic mass (Ar)

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to the mass of 1/12 of the mass of an atom in carbon 12

38
Q

Relative molecular mass (Mr)

A

The mean average of the masses of the formula units relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

39
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared to the mass of 1/12th of the mass of an atom in carbon-12

40
Q

Electron shell

A

A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number. Also known as main energy level

41
Q

Simple molecule

A

Only a few atoms held together by strong covalent bonds

42
Q

Stoichiometry

A

The ratio of the amount in moles of each substance in a chemical reaction

43
Q

Sub-shell

A

A group of orbital of the same type within a shell

44
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

Water molecules that are bonded into a crystalline structure of a compound

45
Q

Hydrated

A

A crystallised compound containing water molecules

Chemistry (5 decks)

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