Topic 1: Introduction to chemistry

Question 1

Amount of substance

Answer 1

A means of counting atoms - Units: moles

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

What all elements and compounds are made up of . - includes protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 3

Avogadro constant

Answer 3

The number of atoms per mole of carbon-12 - 6.02 x 10^23 mol-1

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

Substance composed of two or more separate elements

Question 5

Covalent Bond

Answer 5

Strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 6

Dative covalent bond

Answer 6

Bonding where both electrons come from one atom

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

A subatomic particle with a negative charge

Question 8

Electron configuration

Answer 8

The number of electrons a atom or ion has and how they are arranged

Question 9

Element

Answer 9

Substance consisting of atoms, which are the simplest they can be

Question 10

Empirical formula

Answer 10

shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 11

First ionisation energy

Answer 11

The energy required to remove 1 mole from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms of an element and forms 1 mole of gaseous ions

Question 12

Giant Covalent

Answer 12

A huge network of covalently bonded atoms

Question 13

Giant ionic lattice

Answer 13

Regular arrangement of anions and cations

Question 14

Metallic bond

Answer 14

Electrostatic attraction between the electrons and positive ions

Question 15

Half equation

Answer 15

Chemical equation used to describe an oxidation or reduction half-reaction

Question 16

Ion

Answer 16

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to less or gain of one or more electron

Question 17

Ionic bonding

Answer 17

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 18

Isotope

Answer 18

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 19

Isotopic abundance

Answer 19

A measure of how much an isotope of a chemical appears on average

Question 20

Atomic Mass

Answer 20

Total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

Question 21

Molar Mass

Answer 21

The mass per mol of a substance in g mol-1

Question 22

Mole

Answer 22

The amount of any substance containing as many elementary particles as there are carbon atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 particles

Question 23

Molecular formula

Answer 23

Shows the number and the type of atoms present of each element present in a compound

Question 24

Molecular ion

Answer 24

Formed by gaining or losing of elemental ions such as a proton

Question 25

Molecule

Answer 25

A group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that takes part in a chemical reaction

Question 26

Monoatomic ion

Answer 26

Formed by the gain or loss of electrons to the valence shell (outer) in a single atom

Question 27

Nucleus

Answer 27

Positively charged core of an atom containing protons and neutrons

Question 28

Oxidation

Answer 28

A loss of electron

Question 29

Oxidation numbers

Answer 29

A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with an atom of another element. Derived from a set of rules known as an element oxidation state

Question 30

Orbital

Answer 30

A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spin

Question 31

S-orbital

Answer 31

Spherical shape

Question 32

P-orbital

Answer 32

Dumbbell shape

Question 33

Proton

Answer 33

Subatomic particle with a positive electric charge

Question 34

Redox

Answer 34

A reaction involving reduction and oxidation

Question 35

Anhydrous

Answer 35

Contains no waters of crystallisation

Question 36

Reduction

Answer 36

A gain of electron

Question 37

Relative atomic mass (Ar)

Answer 37

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to the mass of 1/12 of the mass of an atom in carbon 12

Question 38

Relative molecular mass (Mr)

Answer 38

The mean average of the masses of the formula units relative to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 39

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 39

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared to the mass of 1/12th of the mass of an atom in carbon-12

Question 40

Electron shell

Answer 40

A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number. Also known as main energy level

Question 41

Simple molecule

Answer 41

Only a few atoms held together by strong covalent bonds

Question 42

Stoichiometry

Answer 42

The ratio of the amount in moles of each substance in a chemical reaction

Question 43

Sub-shell

Answer 43

A group of orbital of the same type within a shell

Question 44

Water of crystallisation

Answer 44

Water molecules that are bonded into a crystalline structure of a compound

Question 45

Hydrated

Answer 45

A crystallised compound containing water molecules