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Materials Science > Topic 1- Introduction and Background > Flashcards

Topic 1- Introduction and Background Flashcards

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1
Q

What four subjects make up materials science?

A

Physics, Chemistry, Maths and Computing.

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2
Q

How does maths contribute to materials science?

A

Allows us to predict behaviour.

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3
Q

How does computing contribute to materials science?

A

We can construct models of the physical world.

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4
Q

What can chemistry tell us about materials science?

A

Composition, reactions and properties of materials?

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5
Q

How does physics contribute to materials science?

A

Tells us energies and interactions of materials.

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6
Q

What are the four main areas of materials science?

A

Characteristics, structure, processing and properties.

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7
Q

How is materials science relevant to civil engineering?

A
  1. Design new and improved materials. 2. Performance of new buildings.
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8
Q

What methods are used to analyse structure and morphology?

A

Microscopy and diffraction.

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9
Q

What is morphology?

A

What the surface of a material looks like.

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10
Q

What method is used to work out what elements are present in a material?

A

Spectroscopy.

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11
Q

What methods are used for analysing chemical properties of a material?

A

Spectroscopy and wet chemistry.

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12
Q

What are the three mechanical methods of analysis?

A

Tension, compression and shear.

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13
Q

What does Young’s Modulus tell us?

A

How stiff a material is.

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14
Q

What is the equation for Young’s Modulus?

A

E=stress/strain.

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15
Q

What is the relationship between stiffness and Young’s modulus?

A

Greater E, greater stiffness.

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16
Q

What does tensile strength tell us?

A

How strong a material is.

17
Q

What is toughness?

A

Resistance to crack propagation.

18
Q

How do we determine toughness?

A

It is the amount of time it takes a crack to grow through (time to failure).

19
Q

What is the opposite to tough?

A

Brittle.

20
Q

How can we easily work out how tough a material is?

A

Area under a stress-strain graph.

21
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

Mass/volume.

22
Q

What is service temperature?

A

The temperature at which a material can be used.

23
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

How easily heat flows through a material.

24
Q

How has nitric acid affected buildings in Bath?

A

NOx from cars reacts with moisture causing the buildings to turn black/brown as the limestone reacts to form gypsum.

25
Q

Give seven main properties of metals.

A
  1. Ductile.
  2. Strong - high tensile strength.
  3. High thermal conductivity.
  4. High density.
  5. High electrical conductivity.
  6. Medium price.
  7. Stiff - high Young’s Modulus.
26
Q

What are ceramics?

A

Compounds of metallic and non-metallic elements.

27
Q

Give six main properties of ceramics.

A
  1. Fairly low tensile strength.
  2. Non-conducting.
  3. High density.
  4. Brittle.
  5. High Young’s Modulus.
  6. Cheap - medium price.
28
Q

Give six main properties of polymers/plastics (elastomers).

A
  1. Medium tensile strength.
  2. Low thermal conductivity.
  3. Medium density.
  4. Medium price.
  5. Optically translucent or transparent.
  6. Medium Young’s Modulus.
29
Q

What is an angstrom?

A

0.1nm

30
Q

Why do cracks usually form near or within welds?

A

When metal cools after welding, cools at different speed to when it was first formed.

31
Q

What are four main allotropes of carbon and what are they known for?

A
  1. Diamond - very hard.
  2. Graphite - very soft.
  3. Graphene - very strong/ used for sensors.
  4. Fullerene - used for hydrogen storage.
32
Q

Define sustainability.

A

Meeting the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations.

33
Q

What is an example of sustainable research?

A

Research for taking dangerous/ toxic elements out of materials e.g. heavy toxic metals in cement.

Materials Science (8 decks)

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