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DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS > TOPIC 1 : Intro to Database > Flashcards

TOPIC 1 : Intro to Database Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS DATA?

A

Raw and unprocessed facts and statistics stored / free flowing over a network.

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2
Q

WHEN DOES DATA BECOMES INFORMATION?

A

When it’s processed.

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3
Q

WHAT IS DATABASE?

A

A collection of related data, organized in a way that data is “easily accessed, managed and updated”.

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4
Q

WHAT BASED CAN DATABASE BE?

A

Software based or Hardware based.

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5
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF DATABASE?

A

To store data.

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6
Q

WHAT IS DBMS?

A

A software that “allows creation, definition and manipulation” of database.

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7
Q

WHAT IS THE FULL NAME FOR DBMS?

A

Database Management System.

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8
Q

WHAT DOES DBMS HELPS US WITH?

A

It allow users to “store, process and analyze” data easily.

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9
Q

WHAT DOES DBMS PROVIDES US WITH?

A

It provides an interface / tool to perform various operations

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10
Q

NAME 6 EXAMPLES OF OPERATIONS THAT DBMS ALLOW US TO PERFORM.

A
  1. Creating data
  2. Storing data
  3. Updating data
  4. Creating tables
  5. Providing protection and security to databases
  6. Maintain data consistency
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11
Q

NAME 6 EXAMPLES OF POPULAR DBMS

A
  1. MySql
  2. Oracle
  3. SQL Server
  4. IBM DB2
  5. PostgreSQL
  6. Amazon SimpleDB (cloud based)
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12
Q

STATE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DBMS. (Characteristic 1)

A
  1. Data is stored in tables with rows and columns and never directly stored.
    It allows you to have relationships betweeen tables (making it more connected).
    Easy to understand visually.
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13
Q

STATE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DBMS. (Characteristic 2)

A
  1. It follows the process “Normalization”.
    Less repetition of data.
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14
Q

STATE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DBMS. (Characteristic 3)

A
  1. DBMS maintains data consistency
    Handles updates and changes to keep data accurate.
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15
Q

STATE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DBMS. (Characteristic 4)

A
  1. Many people can access and modify (update, insert and delete data) the data at the same time.
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16
Q

STATE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DBMS. (Characteristic 5)

A
  1. Easy to ask for (or “query”) the data .
    Data can easily be fetched, inserted, deleted and updated in a database.
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17
Q

STATE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DBMS. (Characteristic 6)

A
  1. Protects data from unauthorized access.
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18
Q

STATE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF DBMS. (Characteristic 7)

A
  1. Supports transactions.
    Ensures data integrity in multi-user environments.
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19
Q

GIVE 6 ADVANTAGES OF DBMS.

A
  1. Easy to manage and update data.
  2. Saves time and prevents duplicate data.
  3. Simple to retrieve data using queries.
  4. Works with many programming languages.
20
Q

GIVE 3 DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS

A
  1. Can be complex to use.
  2. Some DBMS software is expensive (except 3. MySQL, which is free).
  3. They require a lot of space to run.
21
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS IN DBMS? (5)

A
  1. Hardware
  2. Software
  3. Data
  4. Procedures
  5. Database Access Language
22
Q

WHAT DOES IT MEAN BY HARDWARE?

A

The physical devices that store and access the data, such as hard disks, computers, keyboards, etc.

23
Q

WHAT DOES IT MEAN BY SOFTWARE?

A

The DBMS itself (like MySQL, Oracle) that controls access to the data and performs operations on it.

24
Q

WHAT DOES IT MEAN BY DATA?

A

The actual data stored in the database. There’s also metadata, which is data about data (e.g., when a file was created, its size, etc.).

25
Q

WHAT DOES IT MEAN BY PROCEDURES?

A

The instructions and rules on how to use and manage the DBMS (like installation, backups, and report generation).

26
Q

WHAT DOES IT MEAN BY DATABASE ACCESS LANGUAGE?

A

A simple language, like SQL, that allows users to write commands to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data.

27
Q

NAME 3 TYPE OF USERS.

A
  1. Database Administrators
  2. Application Programmer / Software developer
  3. End user
28
Q

WHAT IS ‘DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR’ USER (DBA)?

A

The person responsible for managing and maintaining the database (securing it, managing user access, making backups).

29
Q

WHAT IS AN ‘APPLICATION PROGRAMMER / SOFTWARE DEVELOPER’ USER?

A

They design the application that uses the database (e.g., the software behind a website that interacts with the DBMS).

30
Q

WHAT IS AN ‘END USER’ ?

A

These are the people who use the database indirectly (e.g., when you log into a website or app, you’re interacting with a DBMS).

31
Q

NAME 3 TYPES OF DBMS ARCHITECTURES.

A
  1. Centralized Architecture
  2. Decentralized Architecture
  3. Hierarchical Architecture
32
Q

WHAT IS CENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE?

A

Data is stored in one location

33
Q

WHAT IS DECENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE?

A

Multiple copies of databases that’s stored in different locations

34
Q

WHAT IS HIERARCHICAL ARCHITECTURE?

A

Data is arranged in a tree like structure

35
Q

DBMS USES 3 TYPES OF DBMS ARCHITECTURES LOGICALLY, NAMED 3 OF THEM.

A
  1. 1-tier DBMS Architecture
  2. 2-tier DBMS Architecture
  3. 3-tier DBMS Architecture
36
Q

EXPLAIN WHAT IS 1-TIER DBMS ARCHITECTURE.

A

The user interacts directly with the database. Mostly used in local development, not for real-world applications.

37
Q

EXPLAIN WHAT IS 2-TIER DBMS ARCHITECTURE.

A

There is an application layer between the user and the DBMS.
This layer sends user requests to the DBMS and sends back results.
This is more secure than 1-tier.

38
Q

EXPLAIN WHAT IS 3-TIER DBMS ARCHITECTURE.

A

Adds a GUI (Graphical User Interface) layer on top of the application layer, making it easier for end users to interact with the database (e.g., PHPMyAdmin for MySQL is a GUI for managing databases).
This is the most common for modern web apps.

39
Q

NAME 4 TYPES OF DATABASE MODELS

A
  1. Hierarchical Model
  2. Network Model
  3. Entity-Relationship Model
  4. Relational Model
40
Q

WHAT IS A HIERARCHICAL MODEL?

A

Data is stored in a tree-like structure, where each “child” has only one “parent.”
Example: A department can have many professors and students, but each student belongs to just one department.

41
Q

WHAT IS A NETWORK MODEL?

A

Similar to the hierarchical model, but in this case, a child can have multiple parents.
This allows for more complex relationships and faster access to related data.

42
Q

WHAT IS AN ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL?

A

Data is divided into entities (e.g., “Student”) and attributes (e.g., “Name”, “Age”).
Relationships are established between different entities.
Example: A student entity can have a relationship with a course entity.

43
Q

WHAT IS A RELATIONAL MODEL?

A

Data is stored in two-dimensional tables (called relations), and relationships are maintained by storing common fields between tables.
Example: A table for Students and another for Courses can be related by a common field, like student_id.

44
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST WIDELY USED MODEL?

A

Relational Model

45
Q

WHO AND WHEN RELATIONAL MODEL WERE INTRODUCED ?

A

E.F. Codd in 1970

DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS (2 decks)

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