Topic 1: Intro to bones of the skull, blood supply

Question 1

The condyle of the mandible is also known as the coronoid process. True or false?

Answer 1

False The CONDYLE is a rounded body extension that articulates with the temporal bone, forming the temporomandibular joint.

The CORONOID PROCESS is the process found anterior to the condyle

Question 2

The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint True or False

Answer 2

True

The temporomandibular joint is the joint between the mandible and the temporal bone of the skull.

It is very mobile type of joint, called a synovial joint, that has a fluid-filled capsule and ligaments surrounding it.

Question 3

A process is a prominence or projection of bone that serves as an attachment point for muscles.

True or false

Answer 3

True A process is a prominence or a projection of bone that serves as an attachment point for ligaments or muscles.

Question 4

The maxillary artery supplies the temporomandibular joint

True or false

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The Circle of Willis is a protective circle of bones in the skull.

True or false

Answer 5

False The circle of Willis is an arterial ring sited just at the base of the brain and supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures.

Question 6

The sphenoid bones are small paired bones in the skull

True or false

Answer 6

False The sphenoid bone is a butterfly shaped bone that forms the posterior aspects of the eye sockets and internal cranial structures.

Question 7

The 2 zygomatic bones form the cheekbones

True or false

Answer 7

True The 2 zygomatic bones form the cheek bones and join the temporal and maxillary bones

Question 8

The occipital bone forms part of the nasal cavity

True or false

Answer 8

False The occipital bone makes up the posteroinferior aspect of the cranium

Question 9

The term lateral means towards the midline of the body

True or false

Answer 9

False The term lateral means away from the midline of the body Medial means towards the midline of the body Superior (cranial) means towards the head, Inferior (caudal) means towards the feet Anterior (ventral) means towards the front of the body. Posterior (dorsal) means towards back of the body

Question 10

Caudal means towards the head

True or false

Answer 10

False Caudal (Inferior) means towards the head.

Question 11

What is the difference between the coronal and mid-sagittal planes?

Answer 11

Mid Sagittarius (median) plane: vertical plane passing longitudinally through the centre of the body, dividing it into left and right halves Frontal (coronal) plane: vertical plane at right angles to Sagittarius planes, dividing the body into front and back parts Sagittal plane: vertical plane passing parallel to the mid-sagittal plane Horizontal (transverse) plane: planes at right angles to both sagittal and frontal planes, dividing body into upper and lower parts.

Question 12

Which anatomical terms mean the following:

1. towards the front of the body
2. away from the midline of the body
3. Closer to the point of attachment
4. Towards the head, or above
5. Closer to the surface

Answer 12

1. Anterior (ventral)
2. Lateral
3. Proximal
4. Superior (Cranial)
5. Superficial

Question 13

What is the difference between flexion and extension?

Answer 13

Flexion: decreasing in angle Extension: increasing in angle Abduction: movement away from the midline Adduction: movement towards the midline

Question 14

Name 2 paired bones of the cranium

Answer 14

Parietal bones (L+R) - located posterior to the frontal bone and make up the superolateral aspects of the skull Temporal bones (L+R) - located inferior to the parietal bones and make of the inferolateral aspects of the skull.

Question 15

Name the unpaired bones of the cranium

Answer 15

Frontal bone - makes up forehead and superoanterior part of the cranium Occipital bone - makes up the posteroinferior aspects of the cranium Sphenoid bone - butterfly shaped bone that forms the posterior aspects of the eye sockets and internal cranial structures Ethmoid bone - located in the midline, posteromedial to the eye sockets

Question 16

Which bones form the hard palate?

Answer 16

2 Maxillary bones make up the bulk of the facial skeleton and form the anterior part of the hard palate. 2 Palatine bones form the posterior part of the hard palate

Question 17

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 17

The paranasal sinuses are air spaces within the skull. They have the following functions: - reduction of skull weight - contribute to voice resonance - increase the surface area for warming and humidifying inhaled air

Question 18

Name the paranasal sinuses

Answer 18

• Frontal sinuses - found in the frontal bone Maxillary sinuses - found in the maxillary bone Ethmoid sinuses - found in the ethmoid bone Sphenoid sinuses - found in the sphenoid bone

Question 19

Name 3 specific parts of the mandible

Answer 19

Condyle - a rounded bony extension that articulates with the temporal bone, forming the temporomandibular joint. Coronoid process - the process found anterior to the condyle Mandibular notch - the depression between the condyle and coronoid process Ramus - the upright/vertical part of the mandible Body - the horizontal part of the mandible Angle of mandible - right angle between the ramus and the body

Question 20

Name 2 foramina of the skull

Foramen is a natural opening, hole or passage in a bone.

It allows blood to flow to/from the brain.

Also allows muscles, nerves, arteries, veins and other structures to connect one part of the body with another.

Answer 20

-foramen magnum - carotid canal - external acoustic meatus - internal acoustic meatus - foramen ovale - foramen rotundum - stylomastoid foramen - jugular foramen

Question 21

Name 2 arteries branching off the external carotid that supply superficial structures in the head/face

Answer 21

Lingual artery - supplies the tongue and associated structures Facial artery - supplies the muscles and skin of the face Maxillary artery - supplies the temporomandibular joint and associated structures Superficial temporal artery - supplies skin and superficial structures of the cranium.

Question 22

Name 2 bones bordering the orbit (eye socket)

Answer 22

Ethmoid bone - located in the midline, posteromedial to the eye sockets Lacrimal bones - small bones in the inferomedial aspect of the eye sockets

Question 23

What is the general function of a bony process?

Answer 23

It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments

Question 24

What are the 2 major branches of the left and right common carotid arteries?

Answer 24

Internal carotid and external carotid

Question 25

Cranial nerves

Oh oh oh to try anatomy fail very gloriously vainly and horribly

Answer 25

Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossophayngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal

Question 26

Bones of the skull

Answer 26

1. Parietal bone
2. Sphenoid bone
3. Temporal bone
4. Zygomatic arch
5. Condyle Occipital bone
6. Mastoid bone
7. Styloid bone
8. Coronoid process
9. Mandibular
10. Ramus Angle of mandible Hyoid bone Frontal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Maxillary bone