Topic 1 Intelligence

Question 1

Van Leeuwen

Answer 1

Van Leeuwen wanted to investigate whether shared genetics as opposed to shared environment related to intelligence.
To do this, they studied 112 families in the Netherlands which had either a set of identical (MZ) or non-identical (DZ) twins
along with an additional sibling in it, plus both parents. The average age of the twins was 9.1 years, and the sibling was on average 11.9 years old.
To confirm zygosity, either a cheek swab or questionnaire was used. The intelligence of the family members was then assessed as the children completed Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices whilst the parents completed Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices. The testing was completed over a 5-hour period, and the Rasch model was applied to account for items being of differing levels of difficulty.

Van Leeuwen found that intelligence correlations were much higher in MZ twins than in DZ twins, siblings or parent-child pairs, suggesting an influence of genetic factors on IQ. They calculated that genetics accounted for 67% of the variation in intelligence; however, as environment was found to explain a further 9% of the variance in IQ scores of lower IQ groups, genetics is not the only factor involved in intelligence levels .

Question 2

Raven progressive matrix

Answer 2

3 version
Non verbal test or intelligence
Grid/ matrix
Measure educative reasoning - ability to infer / work out answer
Novel pictorial stimuli
Missing aspect in series of stimuli
Test fluid intelligence
Progressively challenging
Color progressive matrix : 4-7 (36q)
Standard progressive matrix : 7-18 (60q)
Advanced progressive matrix : 18+ (48q)
Clinic / military/ ASD
For children now , for comparison

Question 3

gardner - multiple intelligence

Answer 3

visual spatial - draw , do jigsaw
bodily kinaesthetic - dancer
musical - music
interpersonal - interaction
intrapersonal - own interest/ goal - strong opinion , confidence
languistic -auditory , reading
logical - math - reasoning , calculation

Question 4

Schoenthaler - vitamins improving intelligence

Answer 4

615 school children
12 weeks
post - tested
4 condition - placebo / different strength vitamin- mineral supplyment
triple blind (subject/ tester/ scientist)
non verbal wechsler test - fluid intelligence - high significant improvement
verbal test - crystalised ability - none improvement by supplyment

Question 5

goodenough harris - draw a person test

Answer 5

score on feature, small detail, appropriate attachment , small detail , proportion
score indicate mental age, approximation of intelligence