Topic 1 - HIV & AIDS Flashcards
In ______, unexplainable cases of patients with medical conditions, usually associated with very weak immune systems, start appearing in North America.
1978
_____ probably arrived in North America as early as 1971 from Zaire, via Haiti.
HIV
The first definitive case of HIV (identified much later) was in ______ in 1959.
Africa
Some studies place _____ origin in the 1930s, while others suggest the 1910s.
HIV
In 1982, HIV cases are shown to be infections linked to _____. This is also when the term “______” is coined.
Blood
“AIDS”
An infection caused by pathogens that usually do not cause disease in a healthy immune system.
Opportunistic Infection
A compromised immune system presents an “___________” for the pathogen to develop into a disease.
“Opportunity”
AIDS is a medical condition involving a collection of ________ and is not just a simple disease.
Symptoms
What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
In ______, blood banks are warned that HIV is blood related and it is identified in blood by French scientists.
1983
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
T/F - In 1983, HIV is guaranteed to kill the patient.
True
In November of ______, Canada finally starts screening blood products fir HIV antibodies.
1985
In 1987, the first HIV drug known as _____ is produced to delay death, however there are bad side effects. The _____ also bans entry of HIV+ travellers.
AZT
USA
What does HIV+ mean?
A person who has HIV circulating in their body
In ______, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (aka. nukes) are introduced.
1991
In 1995, protease inhibitors are introduced and “________” drugs emerge 1-2 years later. Poz patients begin living longer and HIV is now a _______, manageable condition.
“Cocktail”
Chronic
What does Poz mean?
A person who is HIV +
In 2000, medication side-effects become more ________, some visible and some even fatal.
Apparent
In 2006, fusion and entry _________ drugs begin to appear.
Inhibitor
In ______, George W. Bush says he will end the ban on HIV+ people from entering the USA.
2008
Who is “The Berlin Patient” and what happened?
Timothy Ray Brown
Bone marrow transplant removes HIV
In 2009, ______ _____ puts Bush’s changes into effect as of January 4th, 2010.
Barack Obama
In ______, the Supreme Court of Canada rules on disclosure of HIV status during sex.
2012
In 2013, a Mississippi baby born HIV+ is accidentally, temporarily “_____” with an initial heavy regimen of medication that is halted, perhaps through neglect. HIV eventually became __________ again, but the baby was unmedicated for 27 months without signs of being HIV+.
“Cured”
Detectable
In 2014, a new category of drugs known as ______ are approved in the USA.
PrEP
Low dose HIV medications taken. by HIV- people with HIV + partners that prevents them from contracting HIV.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control issues a statement saying that ____________ = _______________.
Undetectable = Untransmittable
Term referring to a person with HIV that is taking medication to suppress their virus and it works so well that their HIV can’t be detected in a blood test.
Undetectable
Term referring to an HIV+ person that cannot transmit their HIV to anyone else.
Untransmittable
The second successful “cure” of HIV with a bone marrow transplant that occurred in 2019.
“The London Patient”
In 2022, __________ versions of PrEP and HIV treatments giving 2 months of coverage between doses is unveiled at the World AIDS Conference in Montreal.
Injectable
When HIV enters the body, the ______ system stages a defence and produces __________ to the virus.
Immune
Antibodies
Antibodies produced in response to the HIV virus can become detectable in blood within __ to __ weeks.
4-6 weeks
In up to ___% of HIV cases, the patient exhibits flu-like symptoms, which is in fact their body’s attempt to fight the virus.
70%
Flu-like symptoms exhibited by HIV patients can range from mild to ______, and are usually of relatively short duration, lasting __ to __ days.
Severe
2-3 days
HIV seeks out _____ used in the body’s immune system, enters them and then uses them to _________.
Cells
Replicate
Essentially, HIV uses the patient’s own ______ system as a factory to reproduce, destroying specific cells in the process.
Immune
After the initial ____-__________ reaction, which involves the development of antibodies, the virus goes into _______ for up to 10 or 12 years.
Sero-Conversion
Latency
Any initial drop in immune cells is recovered and the patient has no symptoms or complications from HIV in this _________ period, although the virus is never completely ________.
Remission
Inactive
