Topic 1 - HIV & AIDS

Question 1

In ______, unexplainable cases of patients with medical conditions, usually associated with very weak immune systems, start appearing in North America.

Answer 1

1978

Question 2

_____ probably arrived in North America as early as 1971 from Zaire, via Haiti.

Answer 2

HIV

Question 3

The first definitive case of HIV (identified much later) was in ______ in 1959.

Answer 3

Africa

Question 4

Some studies place _____ origin in the 1930s, while others suggest the 1910s.

Answer 4

HIV

Question 5

In 1982, HIV cases are shown to be infections linked to _____. This is also when the term “______” is coined.

Answer 5

Blood
“AIDS”

Question 6

An infection caused by pathogens that usually do not cause disease in a healthy immune system.

Answer 6

Opportunistic Infection

Question 7

A compromised immune system presents an “___________” for the pathogen to develop into a disease.

Answer 7

“Opportunity”

Question 8

AIDS is a medical condition involving a collection of ________ and is not just a simple disease.

Answer 8

Symptoms

Question 9

What does AIDS stand for?

Answer 9

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Question 10

In ______, blood banks are warned that HIV is blood related and it is identified in blood by French scientists.

Answer 10

1983

Question 11

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 11

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 12

T/F - In 1983, HIV is guaranteed to kill the patient.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

In November of ______, Canada finally starts screening blood products fir HIV antibodies.

Answer 13

1985

Question 14

In 1987, the first HIV drug known as _____ is produced to delay death, however there are bad side effects. The _____ also bans entry of HIV+ travellers.

Answer 14

AZT
USA

Question 15

What does HIV+ mean?

Answer 15

A person who has HIV circulating in their body

Question 16

In ______, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (aka. nukes) are introduced.

Answer 16

1991

Question 17

In 1995, protease inhibitors are introduced and “________” drugs emerge 1-2 years later. Poz patients begin living longer and HIV is now a _______, manageable condition.

Answer 17

“Cocktail”
Chronic

Question 18

What does Poz mean?

Answer 18

A person who is HIV +

Question 19

In 2000, medication side-effects become more ________, some visible and some even fatal.

Answer 19

Apparent

Question 20

In 2006, fusion and entry _________ drugs begin to appear.

Answer 20

Inhibitor

Question 21

In ______, George W. Bush says he will end the ban on HIV+ people from entering the USA.

Answer 21

2008

Question 22

Who is “The Berlin Patient” and what happened?

Answer 22

Timothy Ray Brown
Bone marrow transplant removes HIV

Question 23

In 2009, ______ _____ puts Bush’s changes into effect as of January 4th, 2010.

Answer 23

Barack Obama

Question 24

In ______, the Supreme Court of Canada rules on disclosure of HIV status during sex.

Answer 24

2012

Question 25

In 2013, a Mississippi baby born HIV+ is accidentally, temporarily “_____” with an initial heavy regimen of medication that is halted, perhaps through neglect. HIV eventually became __________ again, but the baby was unmedicated for 27 months without signs of being HIV+.

Answer 25

“Cured”
Detectable

Question 26

In 2014, a new category of drugs known as ______ are approved in the USA.

Answer 26

PrEP

Question 27

Low dose HIV medications taken. by HIV- people with HIV + partners that prevents them from contracting HIV.

Answer 27

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

Question 28

In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control issues a statement saying that ____________ = _______________.

Answer 28

Undetectable = Untransmittable

Question 29

Term referring to a person with HIV that is taking medication to suppress their virus and it works so well that their HIV can’t be detected in a blood test.

Answer 29

Undetectable

Question 30

Term referring to an HIV+ person that cannot transmit their HIV to anyone else.

Answer 30

Untransmittable

Question 31

The second successful “cure” of HIV with a bone marrow transplant that occurred in 2019.

Answer 31

“The London Patient”

Question 32

In 2022, __________ versions of PrEP and HIV treatments giving 2 months of coverage between doses is unveiled at the World AIDS Conference in Montreal.

Answer 32

Injectable

Question 33

When HIV enters the body, the ______ system stages a defence and produces __________ to the virus.

Answer 33

Immune
Antibodies

Question 34

Antibodies produced in response to the HIV virus can become detectable in blood within __ to __ weeks.

Answer 34

4-6 weeks

Question 35

In up to ___% of HIV cases, the patient exhibits flu-like symptoms, which is in fact their body’s attempt to fight the virus.

Answer 35

70%

Question 36

Flu-like symptoms exhibited by HIV patients can range from mild to ______, and are usually of relatively short duration, lasting __ to __ days.

Answer 36

Severe
2-3 days

Question 37

HIV seeks out _____ used in the body’s immune system, enters them and then uses them to _________.

Answer 37

Cells
Replicate

Question 38

Essentially, HIV uses the patient’s own ______ system as a factory to reproduce, destroying specific cells in the process.

Answer 38

Immune

Question 39

After the initial ____-__________ reaction, which involves the development of antibodies, the virus goes into _______ for up to 10 or 12 years.

Answer 39

Sero-Conversion
Latency

Question 40

Any initial drop in immune cells is recovered and the patient has no symptoms or complications from HIV in this _________ period, although the virus is never completely ________.

Answer 40

Remission
Inactive